Humidity and Deposition Solution Play a Critical Role in Virus Inactivation by Heat Treatment of N95 Respirators.
Humidity and Deposition Solution Play a Critical Role in Virus Inactivation by Heat Treatment of N95 Respirators.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1128/msphere.00588-20
复制
发表时间：
2020-10-21
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Wigginton KR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rockey N;Arts PJ;Li L;Harrison KR;Langenfeld K;Fitzsimmons WJ;Lauring AS;Love NG;Kaye KS;Raskin L;Roberts WW;Hegarty B;Wigginton KR
在2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行期间，包括N95呼吸器在内的个人防护设备短缺，突显了制定有效的去污策略以重复使用的必要性。这对于减少呼吸道病毒（如导致COVID-19的严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2））的暴露在卫生保健环境中尤为重要。虽然有几种治疗方法，但必须制定一项广泛使用的战略，以解决全球范围内的短缺问题。我们证明，热和湿度的组合灭活了一系列RNA病毒，包括病毒病原体和常见的病毒病原体替代物，沉积在N95呼吸机上后，并实现了美国食品和药物管理局指南中详细描述的必要病毒灭活，以验证N95呼吸机去污技术。我们进一步证明，当悬浮在培养基中时，将病毒沉积在表面上可以大大增强观察到的灭活，增加了对如何验证热和湿度处理方法的注意。2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行期间N95呼吸器的供应短缺促使机构制定可行有效的N95呼吸器重复使用策略。特别是，热去污是一种可扩展性很好的处理方法，可以在资源可变或有限的环境中实施。然而，使用多种灭活方法的先前研究通常集中在狭窄定义的条件下的单一病毒，使得难以制定灭活新出现或难以培养的病毒的指导原则。我们系统地探索了温度、湿度和病毒沉积溶液如何影响N95呼吸器试样上沉积和干燥的病毒的灭活。我们暴露了四种病毒替代物，包括两种噬菌体（MS 2和phi 6），一种小鼠冠状病毒（鼠肝炎病毒[MHV]）和一种重组人甲型流感病毒亚型H3 N2（IAV），在多种温度和相对湿度（RH）的多种沉积溶液中热处理30分钟。我们观察到升高的RH对于所有四种测试病毒的有效热灭活是必不可少的。对于在72°C和82°C之间的热处理，大于50%的RH导致噬菌体的>6-log 10灭活，并且大于25%的RH导致MHV和IAV的>3.5-log 10灭活。此外，与其他沉积溶液（如磷酸盐缓冲盐水、含牛血清白蛋白的磷酸盐缓冲盐水和人唾液）相比，病毒在宿主细胞培养基中的沉积大大增强了通过热和湿度的病毒灭活。因此，过去和未来的热处理方法必须明确考虑沉积溶液作为一个因素，将强烈影响观察到的病毒灭活率。总的来说，我们的数据集可以为N95净化器和其他多孔表面的有效热去污策略的设计和验证提供信息，特别是对于可能立即和未来公共卫生问题的新病毒。重要性在2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行期间，包括N95呼吸器在内的个人防护设备短缺，凸显了制定有效的去污策略以重复使用的必要性。这对于减少呼吸道病毒（如导致COVID-19的严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2））的暴露在卫生保健环境中尤为重要。虽然有几种治疗方法，但必须制定一项广泛使用的战略，以解决全球范围内的短缺问题。我们证明，热和湿度的组合灭活了一系列RNA病毒，包括病毒病原体和常见的病毒病原体替代物，沉积在N95呼吸机上后，并实现了美国食品和药物管理局指南中详细描述的必要病毒灭活，以验证N95呼吸机去污技术。我们进一步证明，当悬浮在培养基中时，将病毒沉积在表面上可以大大增强观察到的灭活，增加了对如何验证热和湿度处理方法的注意。
Shortages of personal protective equipment, including N95 respirators, during the coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have highlighted the need to develop effective decontamination strategies for their reuse. This is particularly important in health care settings for reducing exposure to respiratory viruses, like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19. Although several treatment methods are available, a widely accessible strategy will be necessary to combat shortages on a global scale. We demonstrate that the combination of heat and humidity inactivates a range of RNA viruses, including both viral pathogens and common viral pathogen surrogates, after deposition on N95 respirators and achieves the necessary virus inactivation detailed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines to validate N95 respirator decontamination technologies. We further demonstrate that depositing viruses onto surfaces when suspended in culture media can greatly enhance observed inactivation, adding caution to how heat and humidity treatment methods are validated. Supply shortages of N95 respirators during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have motivated institutions to develop feasible and effective N95 respirator reuse strategies. In particular, heat decontamination is a treatment method that scales well and can be implemented in settings with variable or limited resources. Prior studies using multiple inactivation methods, however, have often focused on a single virus under narrowly defined conditions, making it difficult to develop guiding principles for inactivating emerging or difficult-to-culture viruses. We systematically explored how temperature, humidity, and virus deposition solutions impact the inactivation of viruses deposited and dried on N95 respirator coupons. We exposed four virus surrogates across a range of structures and phylogenies, including two bacteriophages (MS2 and phi6), a mouse coronavirus (murine hepatitis virus [MHV]), and a recombinant human influenza A virus subtype H3N2 (IAV), to heat treatment for 30 min in multiple deposition solutions across several temperatures and relative humidities (RHs). We observed that elevated RH was essential for effective heat inactivation of all four viruses tested. For heat treatments between 72°C and 82°C, RHs greater than 50% resulted in a >6-log10 inactivation of bacteriophages, and RHs greater than 25% resulted in a >3.5-log10 inactivation of MHV and IAV. Furthermore, deposition of viruses in host cell culture media greatly enhanced virus inactivation by heat and humidity compared to other deposition solutions, such as phosphate-buffered saline, phosphate-buffered saline with bovine serum albumin, and human saliva. Past and future heat treatment methods must therefore explicitly account for deposition solutions as a factor that will strongly influence observed virus inactivation rates. Overall, our data set can inform the design and validation of effective heat-based decontamination strategies for N95 respirators and other porous surfaces, especially for emerging viruses that may be of immediate and future public health concern. IMPORTANCE Shortages of personal protective equipment, including N95 respirators, during the coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have highlighted the need to develop effective decontamination strategies for their reuse. This is particularly important in health care settings for reducing exposure to respiratory viruses, like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19. Although several treatment methods are available, a widely accessible strategy will be necessary to combat shortages on a global scale. We demonstrate that the combination of heat and humidity inactivates a range of RNA viruses, including both viral pathogens and common viral pathogen surrogates, after deposition on N95 respirators and achieves the necessary virus inactivation detailed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines to validate N95 respirator decontamination technologies. We further demonstrate that depositing viruses onto surfaces when suspended in culture media can greatly enhance observed inactivation, adding caution to how heat and humidity treatment methods are validated.