Controlling relations in conditional discrimination and matching by exclusion.
Controlling relations in conditional discrimination and matching by exclusion.
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DOI：
10.1901/jeab.1987.48-187
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发表时间：
1987-09
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
William J. McIlvane;J. B. Kledaras;L. C. Munson;Katherine A. J. King;Julio C. de Rose;Lawrence T. Stoddard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
William J. McIlvane;J. B. Kledaras;L. C. Munson;Katherine A. J. King;Julio C. de Rose;Lawrence T. Stoddard
正常能力的成年人学会了三位数字的二选一身份匹配和物理上不同的无意义音节的任意匹配。刺激显示在计算机终端上，反应包括在终端键盘上打字。在实验1中，每个试验显示一个样本数，一个比较数，和三个等号（=）。如果与样品相同，则选择比较刺激;否则选择等号。这种"单一比较"的方法，然后被用来表明，任意匹配可以基于样本S+或样本S-关系。在实验2中，一系列的探针试验显示一个新的样本，比较刺激从任意匹配的基线，和=。受试者通常选择===;他们显然排除了基线比较刺激。实验3至5研究了训练中的哪些变量会导致选择基线比较刺激来响应新样本。当基线训练包括将比较刺激与多达四个不同的样本相关时，行为通常不变。惩罚突发事件是有效的，但性能并不普遍，除非这些突发事件被应用于一个以上的基线比较刺激。
Normally capable adults learned two-choice identity matching of three-digit numerals and arbitrary matching of physically dissimilar nonsense syllables. The stimuli were displayed on a computer terminal, and responses consisted of typing on the terminal's keyboard. In Experiment 1, every trial displayed a sample numeral, a comparison numeral, and three equal signs (= = =). The comparison stimulus was to be selected if it was identical with the sample; otherwise the equal sign was to be selected. This "single comparison" method was then used to show that arbitrary matching could be based upon either sample-S+ or sample-S- relations. In Experiment 2, a series of probe trials displayed a novel sample, a comparison stimulus from the arbitrary matching baseline, and = = =. Subjects typically selected = = =; they apparently were excluding the baseline comparison stimulus. Experiments 3 through 5 investigated which variables in training would lead to the selection of baseline comparison stimuli in response to novel samples. Behavior was usually unchanged when baseline training included relating comparison stimuli to as many as four different samples. Punishment contingencies were effective, but performance did not generalize unless those contingencies were applied in relation to more than one baseline comparison stimulus.