A Pre-Landing Assessment of Regolith Properties at the InSight Landing Site
A Pre-Landing Assessment of Regolith Properties at the InSight Landing Site
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DOI：
10.1007/s11214-018-0537-y
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发表时间：
2018-08
影响因子：
10.3
通讯作者：
P. Morgan;M. Grott;B. Knapmeyer‐Endrun;M. Golombek;P. Delage;P. Lognonné;S. Piqueux;I. Daubar;N. Murdoch;C. Charalambous;W. Pike;N. Müller;A. Hagermann;M. Siegler;R. Lichtenheldt;N. Teanby;S. Kedar
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文献类型：
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作者：
P. Morgan;M. Grott;B. Knapmeyer‐Endrun;M. Golombek;P. Delage;P. Lognonné;S. Piqueux;I. Daubar;N. Murdoch;C. Charalambous;W. Pike;N. Müller;A. Hagermann;M. Siegler;R. Lichtenheldt;N. Teanby;S. Kedar
本文讨论了火星洞察号着陆点的风化层的相关物理特性，这是在航天器着陆之前所了解的。洞察号将降落在火星的北方低地平原，靠近赤道，那里的风化层估计很厚。这些物理性质的研究依赖于从火星轨道测量收集的数据，以前收集的着陆器和漫游者数据，阿波罗月球任务的数据和样本的研究结果，对风化层模拟物的实验室测量和理论研究。调查包括随着深度和温度的性质的变化。研究的力学性质包括密度、粒度分布、内聚力和内摩擦角。热物理性质包括热惯性、表面发射率和辐射率、导热率和扩散率以及比热。风化层弹性特性不仅包括控制Insight着陆器附近地震波速度的参数，还包括着陆器和其他潜在噪声源与InSight宽带地震计的耦合。相关属性包括泊松比、P波和S波速度、杨氏模量和地震衰减。最后，质量扩散系数进行了研究，以估计大气压力变化驱动的风化层中的气体运动。这里介绍的物理性质在某种程度上都是推测性的。然而，它们构成了解释从InSight使命返回的早期数据的基础。
This article discusses relevant physical properties of the regolith at the Mars InSight landing site as understood prior to landing of the spacecraft. InSight will land in the northern lowland plains of Mars, close to the equator, where the regolith is estimated to bethick. These investigations of physical properties have relied on data collected from Mars orbital measurements, previously collected lander and rover data, results of studies of data and samples from Apollo lunar missions, laboratory measurements on regolith simulants, and theoretical studies. The investigations include changes in properties with depth and temperature. Mechanical properties investigated include density, grain-size distribution, cohesion, and angle of internal friction. Thermophysical properties include thermal inertia, surface emissivity and albedo, thermal conductivity and diffusivity, and specific heat. Regolith elastic properties not only include parameters that control seismic wave velocities in the immediate vicinity of the Insight lander but also coupling of the lander and other potential noise sources to the InSight broadband seismometer. The related properties include Poisson’s ratio, P- and S-wave velocities, Young’s modulus, and seismic attenuation. Finally, mass diffusivity was investigated to estimate gas movements in the regolith driven by atmospheric pressure changes. Physical properties presented here are all to some degree speculative. However, they form a basis for interpretation of the early data to be returned from the InSight mission.