Intersectoral labor migration and agriculture in the United States and Japan
Intersectoral labor migration and agriculture in the United States and Japan
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DOI：
10.1111/agec.12761
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发表时间：
2023-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
A. Ramsey;Tadashi Sonoda;Minkyong Ko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Ramsey;Tadashi Sonoda;Minkyong Ko
尽管美国和日本在农业领域存在重要差异，但在过去的一个世纪里，两国农业就业人数大幅下降。部门间劳动力移徙的经济模型侧重于预期回报差异，认为这是从一个部门向另一个部门移徙的主要原因。经验应用通常假设，一旦收益差超过马歇尔式的迁移成本，就会发生迁移，但最近的工作集中在将迁移决策嵌入到实物期权框架中。结构性和体制性因素也会影响农业劳动力份额下降的速度。我们使用总体迁移方程和几种农业劳动力和回流差异的定义来考虑美国和日本跨部门劳动力迁移的影响因素。我们发现，实物期权虽然在家庭层面上是相关的，但对部门层面的经验模型的影响有限。我们的估计对于马沙利亚触发因素在移民决策中的重要性没有定论，因为两个国家的差异和劳动力定义。我们认为，工资和移民关系的这种异质性是由农业部门结构的差异推动的。
In spite of important differences in their agricultural sectors, the past century has seen a significant decline in the number of people employed in agriculture in the U.S. and Japan. Economic models of intersectoral labor migration focus on expected return differentials as the primary cause of migration from one sector to another. Empirical applications typically assume that migration occurs as soon as the return differential exceeds Marshallian migration costs, but recent work has focused on embedding the migration decision in a real options framework. Structural and institutional elements can also affect the speed at which the share of agricultural labor declines. We consider the factors influencing intersectoral labor migration in the U.S. and Japan using aggregate migration equations and several definitions of agricultural labor and return differentials. We show that real options, although relevant at the household level, have limited implications for sector‐level empirical models. Our estimates are inconclusive regarding the importance of the Marshallian trigger in the migration decision, with heterogeneity across the two countries and labor definitions. We argue that this heterogeneity in the wage and migration relationship is driven by differences in the structures of the agricultural sectors.