Impacts of climate change on urban rainwater harvesting systems
Impacts of climate change on urban rainwater harvesting systems
复制标题
气候变化对城市雨水收集系统的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.135
复制
发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Jing Xueer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang Shouhong;Zhang Jianjun;Yue Tongjia;Jing Xueer
雨水收集（RWH）作为一种气候变化适应措施在许多城市（如北京和深圳）得到推广，以缓解城市供水和排水压力。本文研究了未来气候变化对中国4个气候带城市水暖系统节水和雨水捕获性能的影响。评估了一种基于Climate Generator的降尺度技术，并将其用于生成未来（2020-2050）日降雨量数据。利用未来和历史（1985-2015）日降雨量数据计算RWH系统的性能指标（即节水效率、可靠性和雨水捕获效率）进行了比较。调查包括两种水需求情景（即草坪灌溉和厕所冲洗）。这四个城市的节水性能受到未来降雨量增加的积极影响，而雨水收集性能受到负面影响，因为在未来一段时间内需要更大的水箱来实现理想的雨水收集效率。RWH系统的节水和雨水捕获性能对气候变化的响应不仅随系统规模（即储水量和集水区面积）而变化，而且随需水情景和地点而变化。在潮湿和半潮湿城市，具有更大储水量的RWH系统有望对气候变化具有更强的适应能力。性能指标的各种变化模式突出了在RWH系统设计中纳入气候变化的重要性。我们需要采用因应地点的适应性调整（例如调整水箱大小、集水区面积或需水量），使水轮机系统能在未来气候条件下持续满足节水和雨水控制的要求。
Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is promoted in many cities (e.g., Beijing and Shenzhen) as a climate change adaptation measure to relieve urban water supply and drainage pressures. In this study, the impacts of future climate change on water saving and stormwater capture performances of RWH systems at cities across four climatic zones of China are investigated. A downscaling technique based on the Climate Generator is evaluated and employed to generate future (2020–2050) daily rainfall data. Performance indices of RWH systems (i.e., water saving efficiency, reliability, and stormwater capture efficiency) calculated using both the future and historical (1985–2015) daily rainfall data are compared. Two water demand scenarios (i.e., lawn irrigation and toilet flushing) are included in the investigation. The water saving performance is positively affected by the increases in future rainfall at the four cities, while the stormwater capture performance is negatively affected as a larger tank size is required to achieve a desired stormwater capture efficiency in the future period. The responses of water saving and stormwater capture performances of RWH systems to climate change are varying with not only the system dimensions (i.e., storage capacity and catchment area), but also the water demand scenarios and locations. RWH systems with larger storage capacity for larger water demand scenarios at humid and semi-humid cities is expected to be more resilient to climate change. The various changing patterns of the performance indices highlight the importance of incorporating climate change in the design of RWH systems. Location-specific adaptive adjustments (e.g., adjusting tank sizes, catchment areas or water demand rates) need to be adopted so that RWH systems can sustainably meet water saving and stormwater control requirements under future climate conditions.