Order from Disorder : The Thermodynamics of Complexity in Biology
Order from Disorder : The Thermodynamics of Complexity in Biology
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无序中的有序:生物学中复杂性的热力学
DOI：
10.1017/cbo9780511623295.013
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
James J. Kay
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. D. Schneider;James J. Kay
19世纪中叶，出现了两种主要的关于自然系统随时间演变的科学理论。由玻尔兹曼改进的热力学，将自然看成是按照热力学第二定律，向随机无序的某种死亡衰减。这种寻求平衡的悲观的自然系统进化观点与达尔文的范式形成了对比，达尔文认为生物系统随着时间的推移会变得越来越复杂、专业化和组织化。许多自然系统的现象学表明，世界上的许多地方都居住着非平衡的相干结构，如对流细胞、自催化化学反应和生命本身。生命系统表现出从无序和平衡走向高度组织化结构的过程，这种结构与平衡存在一定距离。
In the middle of the nineteenth century, two major scientific theories emerged about the evolution of natural systems over time. Thermodynamics, as refined by Boltzmann, viewed nature as decaying toward a certain death of random disorder in accordance with the second law of thermodynamics. This equilibrium seeking, pessimistic view of the evolution of natural systems is contrasted with the paradigm associated with Darwin, of increasing complexity, specialization, and organization of biological systems through time. The phenomenology of many natural systems shows that much of the world is inhabited by nonequilibrium coherent structures, such as convection cells, autocatalytic chemical reactions and life itself. Living systems exhibit a march away from disorder and equilibrium, into highly organized structures that exist some distance from equilibrium.