The Religiosity as Social Value Hypothesis: A Multi-Method Replication and Extension Across 65 Countries and Three Levels of Spatial Aggregation
The Religiosity as Social Value Hypothesis: A Multi-Method Replication and Extension Across 65 Countries and Three Levels of Spatial Aggregation
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DOI：
10.1037/pspp0000104
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发表时间：
2017-09-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Gosling, Samuel D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gebauer, Jochen E.;Sedikides, Constantine;Gosling, Samuel D.
信教的人在心理适应上比不信教的人好还是差？数百项研究报告了宗教信仰和心理调整之间的正相关。然而，最近，相对较少的跨文化研究质疑宗教研究的这一主要内容。后者的研究发现，宗教调整的好处仅限于宗教文化。Gebauer，Sedikides和Neberich（2012）提出宗教作为社会价值假设（RASV）作为这些跨文化差异的一种解释。RASV指出，在宗教文化中，宗教信仰具有很大的社会价值，因此，宗教人士会自我感觉特别良好。然而，在世俗文化中，宗教信仰具有有限的社会价值，因此，宗教人士对自己的感觉不那么好，如果有的话。然而，以前的证据一直是非决定性的关于RASV和关于宗教调整效益的跨文化差异更普遍。为了澄清问题，我们进行了3次重复研究。我们研究了宗教信仰和自尊之间的关系（根据RASV的说法，这是最直接和最适当的调整指标）（N = 2，195，301），一项在36个国家进行的知情者报告研究（N = 560，264），以及另一项在18个国家243个联邦州的1，932个城市地区进行的自我报告研究（N = 1，188，536）。此外，我们仔细检查了我们的结果与7个以前未经测试的替代解释。我们的研究结果完全而坚定地复制和扩展了先前的证据，表明宗教调整益处的跨文化差异。RASV最好地解释了这些跨文化差异。
Are religious people psychologically better or worse adjusted than their nonreligious counterparts? Hundreds of studies have reported a positive relation between religiosity and psychological adjustment. Recently, however, a comparatively small number of cross-cultural studies has questioned this staple of religiosity research. The latter studies find that religious adjustment benefits are restricted to religious cultures. Gebauer, Sedikides, and Neberich (2012) suggested the religiosity as social value hypothesis (RASV) as one explanation for those cross-cultural differences. RASV states that, in religious cultures, religiosity possesses much social value, and, as such, religious people will feel particularly good about themselves. In secular cultures, however, religiosity possesses limited social value, and, as such, religious people will feel less good about themselves, if at all. Yet, previous evidence has been inconclusive regarding RASV and regarding cross-cultural differences in religious adjustment benefits more generally. To clarify matters, we conducted 3 replication studies. We examined the relation between religiosity and self-esteem (the most direct and appropriate adjustment indicator, according to RASV) in a self-report study across 65 countries (N = 2,195,301), an informant-report study across 36 countries (N = 560,264), and another self-report study across 1,932 urban areas from 243 federal states in 18 countries (N = 1,188,536). Moreover, we scrutinized our results against 7, previously untested, alternative explanations. Our results fully and firmly replicated and extended prior evidence for cross-cultural differences in religious adjustment benefits. These cross-cultural differences were best explained by RASV.