3.13 Childhood feeding problems.
3.13 Childhood feeding problems.
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3.13 儿童期喂养问题。
DOI：
10.1159/000367875
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Black,MaureenM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Black,MaureenM
喂养问题是全世界发育中的婴儿和幼儿的主要问题，美国的患病率估计高达45%[1]。对孟加拉国婴幼儿的观察数据表明，不仅拒绝进食的比率相对较高（平均每餐拒绝6-7次），而且只有不到20%的进食是自己进食的。喂养问题往往在2岁左右达到高峰，通常包括拒绝进食、挑食和破坏性进餐行为[2]。拒食是一个主要的问题，因为它可能既是饱腹的迹象[3]，也是喂养问题的迹象。在许多情况下，随着时间的推移，早期喂养问题会得到解决，特别是当照顾者对孩子的饱腹感和自主性很敏感时。然而，喂养问题往往会增加家庭压力[2]，并可能导致与体重相关的问题（体重不足或超重）[4]，营养相关的健康状况和长期行为问题[5]。在生命的头2年，儿童生长的偏差可能会产生长期的健康和发展后果。早期发育迟缓与学校期间学习成绩不佳有关[6]，早期肥胖会增加成人肥胖和相关问题的风险[7]。在婴儿出生后的头2年里，喂养行为发生了巨大的变化，因为婴儿获得了口腔运动、身体、消化和社会技能，从母乳/配方奶粉的液体饮食发展到家庭饮食的质地和多样性。基于全国范围内超过
Feeding problems are a major concern among typically developing infants and toddlers throughout the world, with prevalence estimates that range up to 45% in the USA [1]. Observational data on infants and toddlers from Bangladesh have shown that not only are rates of food refusal relatively high (mean of 6–7 refusals/meal), but fewer than 20% of mouthfuls are self-fed. Feeding problems tend to peak at around 2 years of age and often include food refusals, pickiness, and disruptive mealtime behavior [2]. Food refusal is a major concern because it may be both a sign of satiety [3] and a sign of feeding problems. In many cases, early feeding problems resolve over time, particularly when caregivers are sensitive to their child’s signals of satiety and emerging autonomy. However, feeding problems often increase family stress [2] and can result in weightrelated problems (either underweight or overweight)[4], nutrition-related health conditions, and long-term behavioral problems [5]. Deviations in children’s growth during the first 2 years of life can have long-term health and developmental consequences. Early stunting has been associated with poor academic performance during schooling [6], and early obesity increases the risk for adult obesity and associated problems [7]. There is a dramatic evolution of feeding behavior over the first 2 years of life as infants acquire the oral motor, physical, digestive, and social skills to progress from a liquid diet of breast milk/formula to the texture and variety of the family diet. Based on a national sample of over