When cancer and immunology meet.
When cancer and immunology meet.
复制标题
当癌症与免疫学相遇。
DOI：
10.1111/imr.12250
复制
发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
Carroll,Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carroll,Martin
在2014年出版一期关于恶性血液病的免疫学综述，既令人兴奋，又具有挑战性。在过去的几年里，无论是在科学上还是在临床上，进步的步伐都在加快。然而，血癌仍然是一个高度多样化的疾病组，具有许多发病机制，需要不同的临床方法。这种多样性使得对血癌的全面审查成为一项挑战。相反，我们专注于对这些主题的一些方面进行深入讨论，这些方面要么正在迅速演变，要么对基础免疫学家特别感兴趣。后一组主题本身是不同的。大多数血癌本身就是造血和免疫系统的破坏。本期中的一些文章强调了正常免疫发育与与免疫发育中断相关的疾病之间的比较。许多文章集中在分子机制上，这些分子机制对正常的免疫发育以及在受到干扰时癌症的发展都是至关重要的。其他人则专注于利用免疫系统治疗血癌。在过去的两年里，这一领域取得了人们长期寻求的临床反应(1，2)。许多这些综述中贯穿的一个主题是免疫系统的复杂性，但多年来的研究在理解生物学和开发新疗法方面取得了显著进展。血液系统恶性肿瘤包括涉及血细胞的广泛癌症。尽管这些疾病单独来看并不是最常见的癌症类型，但综合起来，根据最近对国家癌症研究所SEER数据的审查，美国血癌的年发病率远远超过每年10万例。考虑到许多血癌患者可以存活多年，现在或曾经受到血癌影响的美国人数量以数百万计。血癌通常分为白血病、淋巴瘤、骨髓瘤、骨髓增生性肿瘤(MPN)和骨髓增生性疾病(MDS)。然而，随着这些疾病的基因分类变得司空见惯，我们面临着命名的挑战。根据表型和细胞表面标志的描述，淋巴瘤被细分为40多个不同的亚类(1)。癌症基因组图谱项目已经描述了23个在急性髓细胞白血病(AML)中反复突变的基因，这还不包括与这种疾病相关的众所周知的染色体易位。随着分子靶向治疗变得司空见惯，我们很可能需要处理将AML细分的命名法
It is both exciting and challenging to assemble an issue of Immunological Reviews on hematologic malignancies in 2014. Both scientifically and clinically, the pace of advances has accelerated in the last few years. However, blood cancers remain a highly diverse group of diseases with many mechanisms of pathogenesis that require different clinical approaches. This diversity makes a comprehensive review of blood cancers a challenge. Instead, we have focused on in depth discussion of aspects of these topics that are either rapidly evolving or of particular interest to basic immunologists. The latter set of topics is itself diverse. Most blood cancers are themselves disruptions of the hematopoietic and immune systems. Some articles in this issue highlight the comparisons between normal immunologic development and the diseases that are associated with disruptions of immune development. A number of pieces focus on molecular mechanisms that are critical to both normal immunologic development and, when disturbed, cancer development. Others are focused on harnessing the immune system to treat blood cancers. This area has, in the last two years, achieved clinical responses that have long been sought (1, 2). A theme that runs through many of these reviews is the complexity of the immune system but the remarkable advances that years of research have made possible in both understanding biology and generating new therapies.Hematologic malignancies encompass the broad group of cancers that involve blood cells. Although individually these diseases are not the most frequent types of cancer, in composite the annual incidence of blood cancers in the United States is well over 100, 000 cases per year based on recent review of the National Cancer Institute’s SEER data. Given that many people with blood cancers survive for many years, the number of Americans who are or have been impacted by blood cancers numbers in the millions. The blood cancers are usually classified as leukemias, lymphomas, myelomas, myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), and myelodysplastic diseases (MDS). However, as genetic classification of these diseases becomes commonplace, we are faced with challenges of nomenclature. Lymphomas are subdivided into over 40 different subclasses as described by phenotype and cell surface markers (1). The Cancer Genome Atlas project has described 23 genes that are recurrently mutated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), not including the well-described chromosomal translocations that are associated with the disease. As molecularly targeted therapy becomes commonplace, it is likely that we will need to deal with nomenclature that sub-divides AML