The role of porosity in discriminating between tsunami and hurricane emplacement of boulders — A case study from the Lesser Antilles, southern Caribbean
The role of porosity in discriminating between tsunami and hurricane emplacement of boulders — A case study from the Lesser Antilles, southern Caribbean
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孔隙率在区分海啸和飓风巨石就位中的作用——加勒比南部小安的列斯群岛的案例研究
DOI：
10.1016/j.epsl.2008.01.030
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Bahlburg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Spiske M;Böröcz;Bahlburg
海岸巨石沉积是风暴、飓风或海啸等高能量海浪影响的结果。用于区分飓风和海啸起源的参数包括沉积物离海岸的距离、巨石重量和推断的波高。为了研究孔隙度对巨石搬运的作用，并阐明海啸和飓风影响之间的区别，我们对阿鲁巴岛、博内尔岛和库拉帕拉索岛（ABC群岛、荷属安的列斯群岛、背风群岛）的多孔珊瑚礁和珊瑚石灰岩巨石进行了阿基基德和光学3d剖面测量，以确定精确的物理参数。通过对构成岩石的不同珊瑚种类和岩石类型的亚群进行采样，分析了岩石的物理参数，并将每种岩石组分归因于一定的孔隙度和密度范围。孔隙度最低的是方解岩（5-8%），最高的是蛇形礁岩（47-68%）。多孔丝状礁岩（0.8-1.2 g/cm3）和珊瑚Diploria sp. （0.6-1.0 g/cm3）的容重最低，而孔隙较小的方解石（2.0-2.7 g/cm3）和珊瑚monastrea cavennosa的容重最高（1.6-2.7 g/cm3）。所获得的物理参数被用来计算巨石的重量以及引发这些巨石移动所需的飓风和海啸波高。这些巨石比先前公布的数据轻5.6倍，因此所需的最小飓风或海啸波比迄今为止的假设要低。计算出的波高、加勒比南部热带风暴和飓风的高频率以及只在岛屿迎风面出现的巨砾表明，对于ABC群岛上的巨砾来说，飓风的起源比海啸的起源更有可能。
Coastal boulder deposits are a consequence of high-energy wave impacts, such as storms, hurricanes or tsunami. Parameters useful for distinguishing between hurricane and tsunami origins include distance of a deposit from the coast, boulder weight and inferred wave height. In order to investigate the role of porosity on boulder transport and elucidate the distinction between tsunami and hurricane impacts, we performed Archimedean and optical 3D-profilometry measurements for the determination of accurate physical parameters for porous reef and coral limestone boulders from the islands of Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao (ABC Islands, Netherlands Antilles, Leeward Islands). Subsets of different coral species and lithotypes constituting the boulders were sampled, the physical parameters of boulders were analyzed, and each boulder component was attributed to a certain range of porosity and density. Lowest porosities were observed in calcarenite (5–8%), whereas highest porosities were measured for serpulid reef rock (47–68%). Porous serpulid reef rock (0.8–1.2 g/cm3) and the coral Diploria sp. (0.6–1.0 g/cm3) possess the lowest bulk densities, while less porous calcarenite (2.0–2.7 g/cm3) and the coral Montastrea cavernosa yield the highest bulk density values (1.6–2.7 g/cm3). The obtained physical parameters were used to calculate boulder weights and both hurricane and tsunami wave heights necessary to initiate transport of these boulders. Boulders are up to 5.6 times lighter than given in previously published data, and hence required minimum hurricane or tsunami waves are lower than hitherto assumed. The calculated wave heights, the high frequency of tropical storms and hurricanes in the southern Caribbean and the occurrence of boulders exclusively on the windward sides of the islands, implicate that for boulders on the ABC Islands a hurricane origin is more likely than a tsunami origin.
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