Reaction time, inhibition, working memory and 'delay aversion' performance: genetic influences and their interpretation.
Reaction time, inhibition, working memory and 'delay aversion' performance: genetic influences and their interpretation.
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DOI：
10.1017/s0033291706008580
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发表时间：
2006-11
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Asherson P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kuntsi J;Rogers H;Swinard G;Börger N;van der Meere J;Rijsdijk F;Asherson P
为了使候选的内表型对精神病学遗传学研究有用，它们首先需要显示出显著的遗传影响。为了解决先前数据的相对缺乏，我们在一个大的双胞胎样本中研究了一组理论驱动的认知实验任务中遗传和环境对表现的影响程度。我们进一步旨在说明测量的重测信度如何影响估计。400对7到9岁的双胞胎被分别评估了反应时间、抑制力、工作记忆和“延迟厌恶”表现。一些关键指标的重测信度数据可从先前的研究中获得。反应时间、抑制和工作记忆表现的几个关键指标表明，遗传因素有中等程度的影响。结合理论相关任务的数据增加了遗传率估计，如平均反应时间的遗传率估计为60%，反应时间变异性的遗传率估计为50%所示。心理测量特性（可靠性或上限效应）对某些测量的估计有实质性影响。这些数据支持了一些变量对旨在将基因与认知和动机过程联系起来的内表型研究的有用性。重要的是，这些数据还说明了遗传影响的真实程度可能被低估的具体情况，从而损害了遗传作图研究的有用性，并提出了解决这一问题的方法。
For candidate endophenotypes to be useful for psychiatric genetic research, they first of all need to show significant genetic influences. To address the relative lack of previous data, we set to investigate the extent of genetic and environmental influences on performance in a set of theoretically driven cognitive-experimental tasks in a large twin sample. We further aimed to illustrate how test–retest reliability of the measures affects the estimates. Four-hundred 7- to 9-year-old twin pairs were assessed individually on tasks measuring reaction time, inhibition, working memory and ‘delay aversion’ performance. Test–retest reliability data on some of the key measures were available from a previous study. Several key measures of reaction time, inhibition and working-memory performance indicated a moderate degree of genetic influence. Combining data across theoretically related tasks increased the heritability estimates, as illustrated by the heritability estimates of 60% for mean reaction time and 50% for reaction-time variability. Psychometric properties (reliability or ceiling effects) had a substantial influence on the estimates for some measures. The data support the usefulness of several of the variables for endophenotype studies that aim to link genes to cognitive and motivational processes. Importantly, the data also illustrate specific conditions under which the true extent of genetic influences may be underestimated and hence the usefulness for genetic mapping studies compromised, and suggest ways to address this.