A review on buildings energy consumption information

The rapidly growing world energy use has already raised concerns over supply difficulties, exhaustion of energy resources and heavy environmental impacts (ozone layer depletion, global warming, climate change, etc.). The global contribution from buildings towards energy consumption, both residential and commercial, has steadily increased reaching figures between 20% and 40% in developed countries, and has exceeded the other major sectors: industrial and transportation. Growth in population, increasing demand for building services and comfort levels, together with the rise in time spent inside buildings, assure the upward trend in energy demand will continue in the future. For this reason, energy efficiency in buildings is today a prime objective for energy policy at regional, national and international levels. Among building services, the growth in HVAC systems energy use is particularly significant (50% of building consumption and 20% of total consumption in the USA). This paper analyses available information concerning energy consumption in buildings, and particularly related to HVAC systems. Many questions arise: Is the necessary information available? Which are the main building types? What end uses should be considered in the breakdown? Comparisons between different countries are presented specially for commercial buildings. The case of offices is analysed in deeper detail. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

世界能源使用量的快速增长已经引发了对供应困难、能源枯竭以及严重环境影响（臭氧层损耗、全球变暖、气候变化等）的担忧。建筑物（包括住宅和商业建筑）在全球能源消耗中所占的比例在发达国家稳步上升，达到了20%到40%之间，并且已经超过了其他主要领域：工业和交通。人口增长、对建筑服务和舒适度要求的提高，以及在建筑物内停留时间的增加，确保了未来能源需求的上升趋势将继续。因此，建筑物的能源效率如今是区域、国家和国际层面能源政策的首要目标。在建筑服务中，暖通空调系统能源使用的增长尤为显著（在美国占建筑能耗的50%，占总能耗的20%）。本文分析了有关建筑物能源消耗的现有信息，特别是与暖通空调系统相关的信息。出现了许多问题：是否有必要的信息？主要的建筑类型有哪些？在细分中应该考虑哪些终端用途？特别针对商业建筑对不同国家进行了比较。对办公场所的情况进行了更深入的分析。（c）2007爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。