Progress in studies of the precipitation diurnal variation over contiguous China
Progress in studies of the precipitation diurnal variation over contiguous China
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DOI：
10.1007/s13351-014-3272-7
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发表时间：
2014-10
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
R. Yu;Jian Li;Haoming Chen;Weihua Yuan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Yu;Jian Li;Haoming Chen;Weihua Yuan
本文综述了中国邻近地区降水日变化研究的最新进展。主要研究结果如下。(1)中国邻近地区的降水日变化具有明显的区域特征。夏季，南部内陆中国和东北部中国的降雨量在傍晚时分达到峰值，而中国西南部的降雨量在午夜前后达到峰值。长江中上游地区，降水多出现在清晨。中国中东部(青藏高原大部分地区)夏季降水有两个日高峰，一个在凌晨(午夜)，一个在下午晚些时候。(2)降雨量日变化具有明显的季节和亚季节演变特征。在寒冷季节，降雨量日峰值的区域反差减小，中国南部大部地区清晨出现最大值。在中国中东部，季风日降雨量随夏季风系统的移动而表现出亚季节变化。雨量高峰主要出现在季风活跃(间歇)期间的清晨(下午晚些时候)。(3)长、短时降水事件的云特征和雨量日峰值出现时间不同。长历时降雨事件以层状降水为主，最大地表雨率和最高廓线出现在深夜至清晨；短时降雨事件与对流性降水关系较大，最大地表雨率和最高廓线出现在午后至凌晨。(4)降雨量日变化受多尺度谷地风、海陆风和大尺度大气环流的影响，涉及复杂的云和降水系统的形成和演变。对流层低层风的日循环也是造成降水量日变化的区域差异的原因。(5)对模式性能的评估表明，现有数值模式对中国附近降水日变化的模拟能力较弱。单独增加模型的水平分辨率并不能显著提高模拟效果。关键是减少与降雨过程有关的物理参数的不确定性。
This paper summarizes the recent progress in studies of the diurnal variation of precipitation over contiguous China. The main results are as follows. (1) The rainfall diurnal variation over contiguous China presents distinct regional features. In summer, precipitation peaks in the late afternoon over the southern inland China and northeastern China, while it peaks around midnight over southwestern China. In the upper and middle reaches of Yangtze River valley, precipitation occurs mostly in the early morning. Summer precipitation over the central eastern China (most regions of the Tibetan Plateau) has two diurnal peaks, i.e., one in the early morning (midnight) and the other in the late afternoon. (2) The rainfall diurnal variation experiences obvious seasonal and sub-seasonal evolutions. In cold seasons, the regional contrast of rainfall diurnal peaks decreases, with an early morning maximum over most of the southern China. Over the central eastern China, diurnal monsoon rainfall shows sub-seasonal variations with the movement of summer monsoon systems. The rainfall peak mainly occurs in the early morning (late afternoon) during the active (break) monsoon period. (3) Cloud properties and occurrence time of rainfall diurnal peaks are different for long- and short-duration rainfall events. Long-duration rainfall events are dominated by stratiform precipitation, with the maximum surface rain rate and the highest profile occurring in the late night to early morning, while short-duration rainfall events are more related to convective precipitation, with the maximum surface rain rate and the highest profile occurring between the late afternoon and early night. (4) The rainfall diurnal variation is influenced by multi-scale mountain-valley and land-sea breezes as well as large-scale atmospheric circulation, and involves complicated formation and evolution of cloud and rainfall systems. The diurnal cycle of winds in the lower troposphere also contributes to the regional differences in the rainfall diurnal variation. (5) Evaluation of the model performance shows that the present numerical models are weak in simulating the rainfall diurnal variation over contiguous China. The simulations are not significantly improved by increasing the model horizontal resolution alone. The key is to reduce the uncertainty in physical parameterizations related to the rainfall processes.