Concerning visceral organisms.
Concerning visceral organisms.
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DOI：
10.1084/jem.18.2.155
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发表时间：
1913-08-01
影响因子：
15.3
通讯作者：
Carrel, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Carrel, A
在以前的文章中已经证明，心脏碎片在从动物身上取出后正常跳动超过100天，结缔组织可以在体外无限期地增殖。我们现在已经观察到结缔组织细胞的菌株在生物体外存活超过16个月后仍在活跃地繁殖。但到目前为止，只有组织碎片在体外存活。由于整个器官在体外的存活无疑会有重要的生理用途，我于1912年6月开始研究一种技术，通过这种技术，可以使一个器官系统在与其他器官分离时存活并发挥功能。在几个月内，这项技术已经足够完善，可以将分离的器官用于研究几个问题的实际应用。该方法包括无菌切除动物的腹部和胸部器官，并将这些器官保存在恒温箱中，温度为380℃，同时对肺进行人工通气。这些手术在猫和狗身上都做过，但更多的是在猫身上。这些动物在乙醚的作用下被麻醉并杀死。采用无菌技术，并遵循与复杂胸腹手术相同的一般规则。每次手术用2只动物；第一个准备输血，第二个取内脏。
In previous articles 1 it has been shown that a fragment of heart pulsates normally for more than i00 days after its extirpation from the animal, and that connective tissue can be kept indefinitely proliferating in vitro. We have now observed strains of connective tissue cells that are still multiplying actively after more than sixteen months of life outside the organism. But up to the present only fragments of tissue have survived in vitro. Since the survival of entire organs outside of the body would undoubtedly have important physiological uses, I began in June, 1912, to develop a technique by means of which a system of organs could be made to live and functionate when separated from the other organs. Within a few months this technique has been sufficiently perfected to permit the separated organs being put to practical use for the study of several problems.The method consists in removing aseptically the abdominal and thoracic organs of an animal and in preserving the organs in an incubator at a temperature of 3 80 C., while the lungs are being artificially ventilated. The operations were performed on both cats and dogs, but more often on cats. The animals were etherized and killed while they were still under the influence of the ether. Aseptic technique was employed and the same general rules were observed as in complicated thoracic or abdominal operations. Two animals were used for each operation; the first one was prepared for transfusion, and from the second the viscera were taken.