Electrophysiological and behavioural responses of chestnut moths, Cydia fagiglandana and C splendana (Lep, Tortricidae), to sex attractants and odours of host plants
Electrophysiological and behavioural responses of chestnut moths, Cydia fagiglandana and C splendana (Lep, Tortricidae), to sex attractants and odours of host plants
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1439-0418.1996.tb01629.x
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发表时间：
1996-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rotundo, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DenOtter, CJ;DeCristofaro, A;Rotundo, G
分别对fagiglandana （Zell.）和C. splendana （Hb.）雌雄Cydia进行了三种诱引剂（E，E）-8,10-十二烷基-1-乙酸酯（E8E10-12:Ac）、（E，E）-8,10-十二烷基-1-醇（E8E10-12:OH）和(Z)-8-十二烷基-1-乙酸酯（Z8-12:Ac）刺激的eeg记录。不同引诱剂对两种雄虫的剂量-反应曲线几乎相同。EAG敏感性增加的顺序为E8E10-12:OH < Z8-12:Ac < E8E10-12:Ac。在雌性中，EAGs的增加顺序为E8E10-12OH < E8E10-12:Ac < Z8-12:Ac。它们对性引诱剂的敏感性要低得多；e8e10 ~ 12ac的EAG振幅比雄性小20 ~ 50倍。对性引诱剂的反应，金缕金蝇雌虫的触须要比金缕金蝇雌虫的触须高2倍左右。单触角嗅细胞对性引诱剂和板栗叶挥发物的刺激有1个或2个反应。两种动物的自发运动活动几乎同时进行。大多数飞蛾在夜间的前4 ~ 6小时和最后2.5小时活跃。白天，除splendana的雌性在下午结束时已经表现出一些活动外，其他蛾子都不活跃。运动活动和对诱人气味的行为反应之间似乎存在相关性。在一个有气流和没有气流的风管中研究了雄性和雌性的行为反应。观察雌鸟的鸣叫行为。结果表明，E8E10-12:Ac是两种Cydia雌性性信息素的主要成分。一股气流，无论是否装载了引诱剂，总是会引起雄蚊和雌蚊的触须抬高和触须梳理。对逆风引诱物的反应只有在关闭气流后才会发生。有人提出，要么(1)吸引人的气味与气流相结合，可以唤起在静止空气中积极表达的“内部兴奋状态”，要么(2)在气流关闭后不久，在非稳定空气中可能发生的气味间歇性刺激，对于诱导逆风位移是必不可少的。板栗的枝条对两性都有吸引作用，具有诱捕作用。与在其他几种蛾类中发现的情况相反，来自寄主植物的信号似乎不会诱导信息素的产生。雄性和雌性都被E8E10-12:Ac吸引，被召唤的同种雌性吸引，被与召唤的同种雌性切断的腹部尖端的涂抹吸引。管中有一张装满E8E10-12:Ac的纸和三只相同的雌性，雌性排成一排，彼此相距约20厘米，开始鸣叫。这些结果表明，雌性对自己的性引诱剂的敏感性可能使它们能够探测到其他雌性的存在，从而稳定和同步产生信息素，并避免释放信息素的雌性。因此，鸣叫的雌性可能会均匀地分布在环境中。
EAG recordings were made from both males and females of Cydia fagiglandana (Zell.) and C. splendana (Hb.) on stimulation with the tortricid sex attractants (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate (E8E10-12:Ac), (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (E8E10-12:OH) and (Z)-8-dodecen-1-yl acetate (Z8-12:Ac). The dose-response curves of the various attractants were almost identical for males of both species. The order of increasing EAG sensitivity was E8E10-12:OH < Z8-12:Ac < E8E10-12:Ac. In females, EAGs increased in the order E8E10-12OH < E8E10-12:Ac < Z8-12:Ac. They were much less sensitive to the sex attractants; the EAG amplitudes to E8E10-12:Ac were 20-50 times smaller than those of males. The antennae of C. fagiglandana females were about twice more responsive to the sex attractants than those of females of C. splendana. Recordings from single antennal olfactory cells of C. fagiglandana males showed responses of 1 or 2 cells on stimulation with the sex attractants and with volatiles from chestnut leaves.The diel spontaneous locomotor activities of both species as measured in actographs ran almost concurrently. Most moths were active during the first 4-6 h and the last 2.5 h of the night. During the day the moths were inactive, except females of C. splendana which already showed some activity at the end of the afternoon. A correlation appeared to exist between the locomotor activities and behavioural responsiveness to attractive odours.Behavioural responses of males and females were studied in a wind-tube in the presence and the absence of an airstream. Female calling behaviour was observed. Results suggested that E8E10-12:Ac is a main component of the female sex pheromone of both Cydia species.A stream of air, whether or not loaded with attractants, always induced antennal elevation and grooming of the antennae and palps in both males and females. Responses to upwind attractants only occurred after switching off the airstream. It is proposed that either (1) attractive odours in combination with an airstream may evoke an 'internal excitatory state' that finds active expression in standing air or that (2) intermittent stimulation with odours, which may occur in the unsteady air shortly after switching off the airflow, is indispensable for inducing upwind displacement.Branches of chestnut attracted both sexes and functioned as arrestants. Contrary to what was found in several other moth species, signals from the host plant did not appear to induce pheromone production. Males as well as females were attracted to E8E10-12:Ac, to calling conspecific females and to the smear of abdomen tips cut off from calling conspecific females. With a paper loaded with E8E10-12:Ac and three conspecific females present in the tube, the females lined up about 20 cm from each other and started to call. These results suggested that sensitivity of the females to their own sex attractants may permit them to detect the presence of other calling females, leading to settling and synchronization of pheromone production, and avoidance of pheromone-releasing females. As a result, calling females may evenly distribute over the environment.