Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation Open Access Gait Variability: Methods, Modeling and Meaning
Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation Open Access Gait Variability: Methods, Modeling and Meaning
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通讯作者：
Jeffrey M. Hausdorff
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作者：
Jeffrey M. Hausdorff
步态变异性的研究，即行走中步幅的波动，为量化运动及其随年龄和疾病的变化提供了一种补充方法，也是监测治疗干预和康复效果的一种手段。先前的研究表明，与基于其他步行参数平均值的测量相比，步态变异性的测量可能与跌倒（许多步态障碍的严重后果）的关系更密切。当前的JNER系列报道了最近对步态变异性的调查结果的九份报告。回顾了一种收集无约束动态数据的新方法，并介绍了分析方法的入门以及总结可变性措施的启发式方法。此外，还描述了神经退行性疾病动物模型中步态变异性的首次研究，以及人类行走的数学模型，该模型表征了运动控制模式生成器的某些复杂（多重分形）特征。另一项研究表明，在光线减弱的情况下，健康的老年对照组和步态紊乱程度较高的患者都走得更慢，只有后者的步幅变异性增加。对双重任务效应的研究表明，跨步宽度和跨步时间波动的调节可能受到注意负荷的影响，可能需要认知输入。最后，一份对500多名受试者的步态变异性的报告，可能是这类研究中规模最大的，表明了步宽变异性与跌倒风险之间的关系。总之，这些研究提供了新的见解，以调节行走步幅波动的因素，并为扩大研究步态控制和临床环境中步态变异性测量的实际应用铺平了道路。
The study of gait variability, the stride-to-stride fluctuations in walking, offers a complementary way of quantifying locomotion and its changes with aging and disease as well as a means of monitoring the effects of therapeutic interventions and rehabilitation. Previous work has suggested that measures of gait variability may be more closely related to falls, a serious consequence of many gait disorders, than are measures based on the mean values of other walking parameters. The Current JNER series presents nine reports on the results of recent investigations into gait variability. One novel method for collecting unconstrained, ambulatory data is reviewed, and a primer on analysis methods is presented along with a heuristic approach to summarizing variability measures. In addition, the first studies of gait variability in animal models of neurodegenerative disease are described, as is a mathematical model of human walking that characterizes certain complex (multifractal) features of the motor control's pattern generator. Another investigation demonstrates that, whereas both healthy older controls and patients with a higher-level gait disorder walk more slowly in reduced lighting, only the latter's stride variability increases. Studies of the effects of dual tasks suggest that the regulation of the stride-to-stride fluctuations in stride width and stride time may be influenced by attention loading and may require cognitive input. Finally, a report of gait variability in over 500 subjects, probably the largest study of this kind, suggests how step width variability may relate to fall risk. Together, these studies provide new insights into the factors that regulate the stride-to-stride fluctuations in walking and pave the way for expanded research into the control of gait and the practical application of measures of gait variability in the clinical setting.