ANTS AND POLYOMMATUS-ICARUS IMMATURES (LYCAENIDAE) - SEX-RELATED DEVELOPMENTAL BENEFITS AND COSTS OF ANT ATTENDANCE
ANTS AND POLYOMMATUS-ICARUS IMMATURES (LYCAENIDAE) - SEX-RELATED DEVELOPMENTAL BENEFITS AND COSTS OF ANT ATTENDANCE
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00650318
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发表时间：
1992-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
HOLLDOBLER, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
FIEDLER, K;HOLLDOBLER, B
在两种蚂蚁的饲养下，兼性嗜墨古北区蓝蝶Polyommatus Icarus的3龄和4龄幼虫和蛹的发育时间没有变化。幼虫生长和蛹重存在性别差异，雄虫生长较快、体型较大。与性别相关的差异也出现在蚂蚁护理的成本和收益上。在与蚂蚁相关的个体中，雄性蛹的质量往往更大，而且它们的蛹重量减轻并不会因为蚂蚁的出现而增加。蚂蚁的这种正向发育作用初步归因于蚂蚁对毛虫取食行为的刺激作用。相比之下，与蚂蚁相关的雌性蚂蚁往往在蛹阶段减掉更多的体重。因此，有证据表明，在雄性伊卡洛斯未成熟幼虫中，对发育有益，而不是成本，而雌性幼虫在蛹阶段照顾蚂蚁的成本似乎更高。这些发现与其他嗜食粉虫的狼蛛科物种的数据有关。这表明，维持低水平的食肉动物及其相关器官是该蝴蝶群体中一种相对廉价的进化稳定策略。
Third and fourth instar larvae and pupae of the facultatively myrmecophilous Palaearctic blue butterfly Polyommatus icarus showed no alteration in developmental time when reared in the presence of two species of Lasius ants. Sex differences were observed in larval growth and pupal weight, with males growing larger and faster. Sex-related differences also occurred in the costs and benefits of ant-attendance. Male pupal masses tended to be larger in individuals associated with ants, and their pupal weight loss was not enhanced by ant attendance. This positive developmental effect of myrmecophily is tentatively attributed to a stimulating influence of ants on caterpillar feeding behavior. In contrast, females associated with ants tended to lose more weight during the pupal stage. Hence there is evidence for developmental benefits, rather than costs, of myrmecophily in male P. icarus immatures, whereas ant attendance appears to be more costly for females during the pupal stage. These findings are discussed in relation to data on other myrmecophilous lycaenid species. It is suggested that maintaining low-level myrmecophily and its related organs is a comparatively inexpensive evolutionary stable strategy among this butterfly group.