Proactive and reactive construction of memory-based preferences.
Proactive and reactive construction of memory-based preferences.
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基于记忆的偏好的主动和被动构建。
DOI：
10.1101/2023.12.10.570977
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Shohamy,Daphna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nicholas,Jonathan;Daw,NathanielD;Shohamy,Daphna
我们经常面临我们以前从未遇到过的决定，这要求我们在做出选择之前先推断可能的结果。计算理论表明，做出这类决定的一种方式是通过访问和链接存储在内存中的相关经验。过去的研究表明，这种基于记忆的偏好构建可以发生在相对于做出决定的时刻的许多不同的时间点。一些研究发现，记忆在面临决定时(反应性)被整合，而另一些研究发现，记忆整合发生得更早，当时记忆最初被编码(主动)。在这里，我们提供了一个解决这种不一致的方案，证明了这两种策略作为记忆的联想结构的函数进行了理性的权衡。我们使用fMRI来解码记忆中特定图像类别的大脑反应模式，发现主动记忆访问更常见，也允许更有效的推理。然而，我们也发现，当选择选项与更多的记忆联系在一起时，参与者使用反应性访问。综上所述，这些结果表明，当条件使这一策略更有利时，大脑通过提前访问记忆来明智地进行主动推理。
We are often faced with decisions we have never encountered before, requiring us to infer possible outcomes before making a choice. Computational theories suggest that one way to make these types of decisions is by accessing and linking related experiences stored in memory. Past work has shown that such memory-based preference construction can occur at a number of different timepoints relative to the moment a decision is made. Some studies have found that memories are integrated at the time a decision is faced (reactively) while others found that memory integration happens earlier, when memories were initially encoded (proactively). Here we offer a resolution to this inconsistency, demonstrating that these two strategies tradeoff rationally as a function of the associative structure of memory. We use fMRI to decode patterns of brain responses unique to categories of images in memory and find that proactive memory access is more common and allows more efficient inference. However, we also find that participants use reactive access when choice options are linked to a larger number of memory associations. Together, these results indicate that the brain judiciously conducts proactive inference by accessing memories ahead of time when conditions make this strategy more favorable.