THE OPTICS OF HUMAN-SKIN
THE OPTICS OF HUMAN-SKIN
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DOI：
10.1111/1523-1747.ep12479191
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发表时间：
1981-01-01
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
PARRISH, JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ANDERSON, RR;PARRISH, JA
本文综述了光辐射在人体皮肤中的传输，旨在为光医学研究提供有用的模型。一般来说，表皮和角质层的发色团比光散射更能决定这些层中辐射的衰减。表皮厚度和黑化是紫外线波长小于300 nm的重要因素，而UVA（320-400 nm）和可见光辐射的衰减主要是通过黑色素。通过应用透明的亲脂性液体，可以最大限度地选择性渗透到银屑病皮肤中的所有光波长，通过折射率匹配机制降低规则反射率。对波长小于320 nm的敏感性可以通过长时间的水浴来增强，水浴提取尿刊酸和其他可扩散的表皮发色团。真皮的光学特性建模使用Kubelka-Munk方法，并计算散射和吸收系数。这种简单的方法可以估计辐射的渗透，在vivouing皮肤光谱汇款（漫反射）的非侵入性测量。虽然血液中的发色团Hb、HbO 2和胆红素决定了波长超过320 nm的皮肤吸收，但胶原纤维的散射在很大程度上决定了这些波长穿透真皮的深度，并深刻地改变了皮肤颜色。在600和1300 nm之间存在一个光学“窗口”，这提供了用某些长波长光敏剂治疗大组织体积的可能性。此外，每当光敏作用光谱延伸到近紫外和/或可见光谱时，明智地选择波长可以选择直接受影响的组织层。
An integrated review of the transfer of optical radiation into human skin is presented, aimed at developing useful models for photomedicine. The component chromophores of epidermis and stratum corneum in general determine the attenuation of radiation in these layers, moreso than does optical scattering. Epidermal thickness and melanization are important factors for UV wavelengths less than 300 nm, whereas the attenuation of UVA (320–400 nm) and visible radiation is primarily via melanin. The selective penetration of all optical wavelengths into psoriatic skin can be maximized by application of clear lipophilic liquids, which decrease regular reflectance by a refractive-index matching mechanism. Sensitivity to wavelengths less than 320 nm can be enhanced by prolonged aqueous bathing, which extracts urocanic acid and other diffusible epidermal chromophores. Optical properties of the dermis are modelled using the Kubelka-Munk approach, and calculations of scattering and absorption coefficients are presented. This simple approach allows estimates of the penetration of radiationin vivousing noninvasive measurements of cutaneous spectral remittance (diffuse reflectance). Although the blood chromophores Hb, HbO2, and bilirubin determine dermal absorption of wavelengths longer than 320 nm, scattering by collagen fibers largely determines the depths to which these wavelengths penetrate the dermis, and profoundly modifies skin colors. An optical “window” exists between 600 and 1300 nm, which offers the possibility of treating large tissue volumes with certain long-wavelength photosensitizers. Moreover, whenever photosensitized action spectra extend across the near UV and/or visible spectrum, judicious choice of wavelength allows some selection of the tissue layers directly affected.