Sight of a predator can stimulate a corticosterone response in the great tit (Parus major)
Sight of a predator can stimulate a corticosterone response in the great tit (Parus major)
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DOI：
10.1006/gcen.2001.7749
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发表时间：
2002-02-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Silverin, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cockrem, JF;Silverin, B
在自由生活和圈养的大山雀（裤子大）中研究了皮质酮对看到自然捕食者的反应。自由生活的大山雀在看到一只缓慢移动的坦马尔姆猫头鹰（大山雀的主要捕食者）时会发出警告声，并在喂食器周围改变行为。大山雀在几分钟内返回喂食器并开始接近猫头鹰，在第一次看到猫头鹰后 30-50 分钟采样的鸟类中，血浆皮质酮水平没有增加。将饲养在鸟舍中的大山雀置于 Tengmalm 猫头鹰毛绒玩具、黑莓毛绒玩具和纸板箱中 30 分钟。在曝光期间，所有三个刺激物体都缓慢旋转。接触猫头鹰的大山雀会立即改变行为，大部分时间当猫头鹰可见时都在鸟舍周围飞行并挂在屋顶上，很少去喂食器。暴露在荆棘丛和移动箱中的大山雀也改变了它们的行为，减少了对喂食器的访问。大山雀对猫头鹰的视线做出反应，血浆皮质酮水平显着增加，而暴露于荆棘或移动盒子的鸟类的皮质酮水平没有变化（平均水平<11纳克/毫升）。接触猫头鹰 0.5 小时后，平均皮质酮水平较高（37.1 +/- 4.9 ng/ml），接触猫头鹰后 1 小时保持较高水平（38.9 +/- 6.0 ng/ml），接触猫头鹰 3 小时后恢复到基础水平（5.3 +/- 1.3 ng/ml）。这是鸟类首次展示皮质酮对捕食者的完整反应。捕食者的视线引发了大山雀的皮质酮反应，它们不能移动超过 3 m，而自由生活的大山雀可以选择飞离捕食者多远，要么不引发皮质酮反应，要么产生较小的皮质酮反应，其中 30-50 分钟后皮质酮水平与基础值没有显着差异。结果表明，鸟类皮质酮反应的启动取决于鸟类是否认为刺激是威胁。此外，它们还说明了不根据实验室实验得出概括性结论的重要性，(C) 2002 Elsevier Science（美国）。
The corticosterone response to the sight of a natural predator was investigated in free-living and captive great tits (Pants major). Free-living great tits responded to the sight of a stuffed, slowly moving Tengmalm's owl, a major predator of great tits, with warning calls and a change in behaviour around a feeder. Great tits returned to the feeder within a few minutes and began to approach the owl, and there was no increase in plasma corticosterone levels in birds sampled 30-50 min after they first saw the owl. Captive great tits in an aviary were exposed for 30 min to a stuffed Tengmalm's owl, to a stuffed brambling, and to a cardboard box. All three stimulus objects were slowly rotated during the exposure period. Great tits exposed to the owl changed their behaviour immediately, and spent most of the time when the owl was visible flying around the aviary and hanging from the roof, with very few visits to a feeder. Great tits exposed to the brambling and to the moving box also changed their behaviour and made fewer visits to the feeder. The great tits responded to the sight of the owl with a marked increase in plasma corticosterone levels, whereas there was no change in corticosterone levels (mean levels < 11 ng/ml) in birds exposed to the brambling or to the moving box. Mean corticosterone levels were high (37.1 +/- 4.9 ng/ml) 0.5 h after exposure to the owl, remained high (38.9 +/- 6.0 ng/ml) 1 h after exposure, and had returned to basal (5.3 +/- 1.3 ng/ml) 3 h after exposure to the owl. This is the first demonstration for any bird of a complete corticosterone response to a predator. The sight of a predator initiated a corticosterone response in great tits that could not move more than 3 m away, whereas free-living great tits that could choose how far to fly away from the predator either did not initiate a corticosterone response, or had a small corticosterone response in which corticosterone levels were not significantly different from basal 30-50 min later. The results indicate that the initiation of a corticosterone response in birds depends on whether or not a bird perceives that a stimulus is a threat. Furthermore, they illustrate the importance of not making generalised conclusions based on laboratory experiments, (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA).