Biparental incubation-scheduling: no experimental evidence for major energetic constraints
Biparental incubation-scheduling: no experimental evidence for major energetic constraints
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DOI：
10.1093/beheco/aru156
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Kempenaers, Bart
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bulla, Martin;Cresswell, Will;Kempenaers, Bart
孵化是需要能量的，但是在父母双方都孵化的情况下，这些需求是否会限制孵化计划（即孵化的长度、稳定性和时间）是有争议的。采用两种方法，实验降低了在北极高纬度恶劣条件下繁殖的双亲滨鸟半翅矶鹬的孵化能量需求。首先，我们仅通过将4个蛋中的1个换成一个人工蛋来减少对1只亲本的孵化需求，当焦点鸟孵化时，人工蛋会加热。其次，我们重新分析了唯一发表的实验研究的数据，该研究明确测试了双亲孵化物种的孵化调度的能量约束（Cresswell et al. 2003）。在本实验中，通过对巢杯进行保温，降低了双亲对孵育的能量需求。我们预计，在两种实验中，如果双亲代孵育计划受到能量约束，处理过的鸟会改变孵育回合的长度。然而，我们没有发现任何证据表明巢的加热或绝缘会影响孵育回合的长度：两个实验的综合效应是孵育回合的长度增加了3.6分钟（95% CI: -33至40），相当于平均孵育回合的长度增加了0.5%。这些结果表明，双亲本双亲的孵化调度主要不是由能量约束驱动的，而是由孵化鸟的状态驱动的，这意味着我们仍然不了解驱动双亲本双亲孵化调度的因素。
Incubation is energetically demanding, but it is debated whether these demands constrain incubation-scheduling (i.e., the length, constancy, and timing of incubation bouts) in cases where both parents incubate. Using 2 methods, we experimentally reduced the energetic demands of incubation in the semipalmated sandpiper, a biparental shorebird breeding in the harsh conditions of the high Arctic. First, we decreased the demands of incubation for 1 parent only by exchanging 1 of the 4 eggs for an artificial egg that heated up when the focal bird incubated. Second, we reanalyzed the data from the only published experimental study that has explicitly tested energetic constraints on incubation-scheduling in a biparentally incubating species (Cresswell et al. 2003). In this experiment, the energetic demands of incubation were decreased for both parents by insulating the nest cup. We expected that the treated birds, in both experiments, would change the length of their incubation bouts, if biparental incubation-scheduling is energetically constrained. However, we found no evidence that heating or insulation of the nest affected the length of incubation bouts: the combined effect of both experiments was an increase in bout length of 3.6 min (95% CI: -33 to 40), which is equivalent to a 0.5% increase in the length of the average incubation bout. These results demonstrate that the observed biparental incubation-scheduling in semipalmated sandpipers is not primarily driven by energetic constraints and therefore by the state of the incubating bird, implying that we still do not understand the factors driving biparental incubation-scheduling.