Presenting spatial information: Granularity, relevance, and integration
Presenting spatial information: Granularity, relevance, and integration
复制标题
呈现空间信息：粒度、相关性和集成
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Winter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Tenbrink;S. Winter
近年来，各种自动生成的空间信息的可用性得到了极大的发展。不同种类的路线描述可以从许多不同的来源和不同的方式获得，地图和地理信息可以以多种方式访问。尽管这种情况改善了信息的可用性和可访问性——例如，想想汽车导航、本地搜索或假日旅行计划，以及在过去几年中所有这些都发生了怎样的根本变化——互联网用户可能并不总是对必须请求或显示信息的方式感到满意。最近的研究表明，自动生成的空间信息与人类自然提供的信息具有根本不同的特征，例如，当被问及路线方向的空间和时间时。人机界面仍然是易于获取空间信息的最后障碍，换句话说，是智能机器的最后障碍。因此，我们的观点是，为了使空间信息服务更具支持性和认知适应性，还需要大量的进一步工作。这个主题部分集中讨论与用户、机器和环境之间的通信三角中的空间信息的粒度、相关性和集成有关的问题。空间信息可以在不同的粒度级别上被信息搜索者请求或呈现，从地理尺度上的特征的粗略信息到远景尺度[1]环境中具体空间行为的详细信息。并非所有这些信息都适用于所有目的。有关粒度的决策与跨交互场景的相关性问题直接交织在一起。这种场景通常需要在不同的空间和时间粒度之间移动的能力。例如，考虑一次火车旅行：旅行者需要知道以分钟为单位的出发时间，在哪里买票，火车站的出发站台，以及预订座位的车厢将停在站台的哪个部分。一旦上车，旅行者可能会对旅行的进展感兴趣，但这些信息在旅行的计划阶段是无关紧要的。接下来，旅行者需要知道到达目的地城市的时间，但一般不需要知道到达站台[2]。尽管粒度和相关性之间存在这种复杂的关系，但人们通常设法以一种集成和连贯的方式呈现信息，并灵活切换
In recent years the availability of automatically generated spatial information of various kinds has developed dramatically. Route descriptions of diverse kinds can be obtained from many different sources and across different modalities, and maps and geographic information can be accessed in multifarious ways. Although this is situation improves the information availability and accessibility— think, for example, of car navigation, local search, or holiday trip planning, and how all of them have fundamentally changed over the past few years—Internet users may not always be comfortable with the ways in which the information has to be requested or is presented. Recent research has shown that automatically generated spatial information exhibits fundamentally different features from information provided naturally by humans, when asked about space and time in route directions, for example. The human-computerinterface remains the last barrier to easy-to-consume spatial information, or in other words to intelligent machines [3]. Therefore, our contention is that substantial further work is required in order to render spatial information services more supportive and cognitively suitable. This theme section centers on issues pertaining to granularity, relevance, and integration of spatial information in this communication triangle between user, machine, and environment. Spatial information can be requested by, or presented to information seekers on various levels of granularity, ranging from coarse information concerning features at geographic scale, to detailed information concerning concrete spatial actions in environments of vista scale [1]. Not all of this information is relevant for all purposes. Decisions concerning granularity are directly intertwined with issues of relevance across interaction scenarios. Such scenarios frequently require an ability to move between different spatial and temporal granularities. Consider, for example, a train journey: the traveler needs to know the departure time on the minute, where to buy a ticket, the departure platform at the train station, and the section of the platform where the carriage with the reserved seat will stop. Once on board, the traveler might be interested in information about the progress of the trip, but this information is irrelevant during the planning phase of the trip. Next, the traveler needs to know the time of arrival in the destination city, but generally not the arrival platform [2]. In spite of this complex relationship between granularity and relevance humans typically manage to present information in an integrated and coherent way, switching flexibly
特定于上下文的路线方向模型
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-540-32255-9_4
发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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作者：
Richter;Klippel
通讯作者：
Klippel