Fluctuating States: What is the Probability of a Thermodynamical Transition?
Fluctuating States: What is the Probability of a Thermodynamical Transition?
复制标题
涨落状态：热力学转变的概率是多少？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Christopher Perry
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
'Alvaro M. Alhambra;J. Oppenheim;Christopher Perry
如果热力学第二定律禁止从一种状态到另一种状态的转变，那么仍然有可能通过使用足够的功来实现转变。但是，如果我们无法获得这么多的工作，这种转变会发生吗？在热力学极限下，这种概率趋于零，但在这里我们发现，对于有限大小和量子系统，它可以是有限的。我们计算的最大概率的过渡或从任何初始状态到任何最终状态的一个philical波动，并表明，这个最大值可以实现任何最终状态，是块对角的能量本征基。我们还发现上，下边界上的过渡概率，在过渡的工作。作为一个副产品，我们引入了一个有限的一组相关的thermomajorization标准，管理状态转换和计算工作的过渡，在他们。还考虑了过渡的概率和为帮助过渡而添加的任何部分工作之间的权衡。我们的结果在纠缠理论中有应用，我们发现了将一个纯纠缠态转换为任何其他纠缠态时所需（或获得）的纠缠量。
If the second law of thermodynamics forbids a transition from one state to another, then it is still possible to make the transition happen by using a sufficient amount of work. But if we do not have access to this amount of work, can the transition happen probabilistically? In the thermodynamic limit, this probability tends to zero, but here we find that for finite-sized and quantum systems it can be finite. We compute the maximum probability of a transition or a thermodynamical fluctuation from any initial state to any final state and show that this maximum can be achieved for any final state that is block diagonal in the energy eigenbasis. We also find upper and lower bounds on this transition probability, in terms of the work of transition. As a by-product, we introduce a finite set of thermodynamical monotones related to the thermomajorization criteria which governs state transitions and compute the work of transition in terms of them. The trade-off between the probability of a transition and any partial work added to aid in that transition is also considered. Our results have applications in entanglement theory, and we find the amount of entanglement required (or gained) when transforming one pure entangled state into any other.
影响因子：
8.6
作者：
Cwiklinski, Piotr;Studzinski, Michal;Oppenheim, Jonathan
通讯作者：
Oppenheim, Jonathan
影响因子：
8.6
作者：
Brandao, Fernando G. S. L.;Horodecki, Michal;Spekkens, Robert W.
通讯作者：
Spekkens, Robert W.