ORGANIZATION OF HISTONE GENES IN DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER - FUNCTIONAL AND EVOLUTIONARY IMPLICATIONS
ORGANIZATION OF HISTONE GENES IN DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER - FUNCTIONAL AND EVOLUTIONARY IMPLICATIONS
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DOI：
10.1101/sqb.1978.042.01.105
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发表时间：
1977-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
HOGNESS, DS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
LIFTON, RP;GOLDBERG, ML;HOGNESS, DS
这五种组蛋白的基因表达与细胞周期、发育阶段和其他组蛋白基因的表达密切相关。在几个被研究的物种中，所有五种蛋白质的合成完全与细胞周期的DNA合成阶段一致(Robbins和Borun 1967；Kedes等人)。1969年；Perry和Kelley 1973年)；核小体核心的四个组蛋白以等摩尔量被发现，而H1蛋白被发现小于摩尔量(回顾，见Kornberg 1974)。已经观察到与特定发育阶段相关的不同组蛋白(Cohen等人。1975年；Arceci等人。1976年；NewRock和Cohen，这一卷)，表明这些变异蛋白必须有基因，根据精确的发育程序进行差异表达。果蝇是研究这些基因及其表达的一个有吸引力的生物，原因有几个：(1)详细了解了它的遗传机制；(2)它的多线染色体使基因组的高分辨率细胞学图谱成为可能；(3)它很容易进行实验操作，因为它有组织培养细胞，由明确的发育阶段组成的短的生命周期，以及有助于从克隆的DNA片段(DIN片段)中分离特定基因的小基因组。在这篇文章中，我们回顾了我们对黑素葡萄球菌Astone基因的组织结构的了解，并讨论了这种组织的一些功能和进化意义。
The expression of the genes for each of the five histone proteins is tightly regulated with respect to the cell cycle, the developmental stage, and the expression of the other histone genes. In several species studied, the synthesis of all five proteins occurs exclusively in concert with the DNA synthetic phase of the cell cycle (Robbins and Borun 1967; Kedes et al. 1969; Perry and Kelley 1973); the four histones of the nucleosome core are found in equimolar amounts, whereas H1 protein is found in less than molar quantity (for review, see Kornberg 1974). Variant histone proteins associated with specific developmental stages have been observed (Cohen et al. 1975; Arceci et al. 1976; Newrock and Cohen, this volume), indicating that there must be genes for these variant proteins which are differentially expressed according to precise developmental pro-grams. Drosophila melanogaster is an appealing organism in which to study these genes and their expression for several reasons:(1) Its hereditary mechanics are understood in detail;(2) its polytene chromosomes allow high-resolution cytological mapping of the genome; and (3) it is easily accessible to experimental manipulation by virtue of the availability of tissue culture cells, a short life cycle that consists of well-defined developmental stages, and a small genome that facilitates the isolation of specific genes in cloned DNA segments (Din segments). In this paper we review our knowledge of the organization of the D. melanogasterbAstone genes and discuss some of the functional and evolutionary implications of this organization.