Adaptation to urban environments
Adaptation to urban environments
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cois.2022.100893
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发表时间：
2022-04-06
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Martin, Ryan A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Diamond, Sarah E.;Prileson, Eric G.;Martin, Ryan A.
尽管有广泛的证据表明城市演变，但这些变化的适应性往往尚不清楚。我们回顾了用于评估城市适应的不同表型和分子证据，讨论了每种方法的优点和局限性，以及它们整合的罕见例子。然后，我们提供了一个综合的地方适应城市和农村环境。这些数据来自表型相互移植研究，其中大部分集中在昆虫和其他节肢动物。总的来说，我们发现支持当地适应城市和农村环境。然而，根据原籍人口的不同，当地适应的证据存在不对称性，城市适应不如农村适应普遍，这表明许多城市人口仍在适应城市环境。此外，研究系统之间的相当大的变化的一般模式的基础上，我们讨论了环境异质性和成本的适应可能会解释系统的具体变化，在城乡当地的适应。然后，我们展望了城市适应研究的未来，考虑适应的规模和方向的背景下，不同的选择剂，包括城市热岛，化学污染物和生物相互作用。
Despite widespread evidence of urban evolution, the adaptive nature of these changes is often unclear. We review different phenotypic and molecular lines of evidence used for assessing urban adaptation, discussing the benefits and limitations of each approach, and rare examples of their integration. We then provide a synthesis of local adaptation to urban and rural environments. These data were drawn from phenotypic reciprocal transplant studies, the majority of which focus on insects and other arthropods. Broadly, we found support for local adaptation to urban and rural environments. However, there was asymmetry in the evidence for local adaptation depending on population of origin, with urban adaptation being less prevalent than rural adaptation, suggesting many urban populations are still adapting to urban environments. Further, the general patterns were underlain by considerable variation among study systems; we discuss how environmental heterogeneity and costs of adaptation might explain system specific variation in urban-rural local adaptation. We then look to the future of urban adaptation research, considering the magnitude and direction of adaptation in context of different agents of selection including urban heat islands, chemical pollutants, and biotic interactions.