Inuit adaptability to changing environmental conditions over an 11-year period in Ulukhaktok, Northwest Territories
Inuit adaptability to changing environmental conditions over an 11-year period in Ulukhaktok, Northwest Territories
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西北地区乌鲁克托克因纽特人 11 年来对不断变化的环境条件的适应能力
DOI：
10.1017/s003224741800027x
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
P. Collings
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Fawcett;T. Pearce;Roland Notaina;J. Ford;P. Collings
摘要目前北极地区因纽特人对气候变化影响、适应和脆弱性的理解相对静态，植根于进行案例研究的社区和时间。本文抓住因纽特人气候关系的动态性，通过应用纵向方法评估脆弱性，在Ulukhaktok，加拿大西北地区的因纽特人之间的气候变化。数据是在2005年和2016年按照一致的方法和分析框架收集的。研究结果与纵向数据集一起进行了比较分析。数据显示，据观察，2005年记录的对狩猎活动产生不利影响的许多气候变化正在持续或发展，例如海冰厚度和范围减少，夏季风更强和更持续。因纽特人正在改变旅行路线和设备，采取更大的旅行前预防措施，并集中精力进行更有效和更容易的狩猎。人们认为，生活和生计成本的增加和时间限制、环境知识和土地技能的产生和传播的变化以及国家粮食分享网络的集中是适应的主要制约因素。研究结果表明，生计活动和工资经济之间的联系对于了解因纽特人如何经历和应对气候变化至关重要。
ABSTRACT Current understanding of climate change impacts, adaptation and vulnerability among Inuit in the Arctic is relatively static, rooted in the community and time that case studies were conducted. This paper captures the dynamism of Inuit–climate relationships by applying a longitudinal approach to assessing vulnerability to climate change among Inuit in Ulukhaktok, Northwest Territories, Canada. Data were collected in 2005 and 2016 following a consistent methodology and analytical framework. Findings from the studies are analysed comparatively together with longitudinal datasets. The data reveal that many of the climatic changes recorded in 2005 that adversely affected hunting activities have been observed to be persisting or progressing, such as decreasing sea ice thickness and extent, and stronger and more consistent summer winds. Inuit are responding by altering travel routes and equipment, taking greater pre-trip precautions, and concentrating their efforts on more efficient and accessible hunts. Increasing living and subsistence costs and time-constraints, changes in the generation and transmission of environmental knowledge and land skills, and the concentration of country food sharing networks were identified as key constraints to adaptation. The findings indicate that the connections between subsistence activities and the wage economy are central to understanding how Inuit experience and respond to climate change.