Laughter conveys status
Laughter conveys status
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jesp.2016.04.005
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发表时间：
2016-07-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Keltner, Dacher
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oveis, Christopher;Spectre, Aleksandr;Keltner, Dacher
我们认为，地位影响个人的使用占主导地位的笑与顺从的笑，并认为个人被赋予的地位，他们笑的方式。在第一项研究中，当低地位和高地位的人互相取笑时，自然发生的笑声被观察到。支配性和顺从性笑声的使用对应于等级变量：高地位的个人和戏弄者表现出更多的支配性，不受抑制的笑声，而低地位的个人和戏弄的目标表现出更多的顺从性，抑制笑。此外，地位低的人比地位高的人更有可能在不同的环境中改变他们的笑声形式。研究2表明，笑会影响天真的观察者对地位的看法。无论实际地位如何，主动笑的人比顺从笑的人获得更高的地位。此外，低地位的笑者被认为是显着更高的地位，并有尽可能多的地位高地位的笑者，当笑占主导地位与顺从。最后，探索性分析表明，观察者的积极情绪反应的笑声可以帮助解释笑的类型和地位的看法之间的联系。(C)2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
We propose that status influences individuals' use of dominant versus submissive laughter, and that individuals are conferred status based on the way they laugh. In Study 1, naturally occurring laughter was observed while low- and high-status individuals teased one another. The use of dominant and submissive laughter corresponded to hierarchical variables: High-status individuals and teasers displayed more dominant, disinhibited laughs, whereas low-status individuals and targets of teases displayed more submissive, inhibited laughs. Further, low-status individuals were more likely to vary the form of their laughter between contexts than high-status individuals. Study 2 demonstrated that laughter influences perceptions of status by naive observers. Individuals who laughed dominantly were afforded higher status than individuals who laughed submissively, regardless of their actual status. Moreover, low-status laughers were perceived to be significantly higher in status, and to have as much status as high-status laughers, when laughing dominantly versus submissively. Finally, exploratory analyses suggest that the positive emotional reactions of observers of laughter can help explain the link between laugh type and status perceptions. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.