Social Motivation in Schizophrenia: What's Effort Got to Do With It?
Social Motivation in Schizophrenia: What's Effort Got to Do With It?
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DOI：
10.1093/schbul/sbad090
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发表时间：
2023-06-24
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Green，Michael F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Catalano，Lauren T.;Green，Michael F.
背景和假设社会动机被定义为人类寻求、参与和维持人际关系的基本愿望，已成为精神分裂症研究的一个日益增长的领域。主要重点是了解社会奖励相关过程的影响。一个明显但很少被承认的事实是，社交互动就像其他目标导向的行为一样，需要付出努力。在这篇评论文章中，我们认为精神分裂症的社会动机可以通过一个既定框架的镜头来概念化：基于努力的决策（EBDM）。研究设计我们对精神分裂症的社会奖励处理进行了文献综述，然后通过将 EBDM 文献中的概念和见解应用到社会动机的研究中来扩展这些发现。研究结果在 EBDM 框架内，关于是否追求社会互动的决定受到成本/收益的约束计算。也就是说，当所需努力的估计“成本”超过预期的“收益”或回报时，人们不会追求社会行为。我们认为，与健康样本相比，精神分裂症患者不太可能参与社交互动，因为他们：（1）低估了关系的好处（基于奖励/惩罚的预期），（2）高估了与社交互动相关的努力成本，和/或（3）未能以最佳方式整合成本效益信息。结论EBDM是一个特别有前途的社会动机框架，它超越了当前对社会奖励处理的关注，包括对努力的关注。
Background and HypothesisSocial motivation, defined as the fundamental human desire to seek out, engage in, and maintain interpersonal bonds, has become a growing area of research in schizophrenia. The major focus has been on understanding the impact of social reward-related processes. An obvious but rarely acknowledged fact is that social interactions, much like other goal-directed acts, require the exertion of effort. In thisReview Article, we argue that social motivation in schizophrenia can be conceptualized through the lens of an established framework: effort-based decision-making (EBDM).Study DesignWe conducted a literature review on social reward processing in schizophrenia, then extended these findings by applying concepts and insights from the literature on EBDM to the study of social motivation.Study ResultsWithin the EBDM framework, decisions about whether or not to pursue social interactions are bound by cost/benefit calculations. That is, people do not pursue social behaviors when the estimated “cost” of the required effort outweighs the anticipated “benefit” or reward. We propose that people with schizophrenia are less likely to engage in social interaction compared with healthy samples because they: (1) underestimate the benefits of relationships (based on expectations of reward/punishment), (2) overestimate the effort costs associated with social interaction, and/or (3) fail to integrate cost-benefit information in an optimal manner.ConclusionsEBDM is an especially promising framework of social motivation that goes beyond the current focus on social reward processing to include a focus on effort.