Social conditions and menarcheal age: the importance of early years of life.
Social conditions and menarcheal age: the importance of early years of life.
复制标题
社会条件和初潮年龄：生命早期的重要性。
作者：
K. Liestøl
在挪威的月经初潮年龄和社会经济条件的历史趋势的数据被用来调查是否在人类的生殖系统是特别敏感的环境刺激在任何特定的短年龄段。所采用的方法是基于社会经济发展趋势的不规则性。这些违规行为反映在国内生产总值（GDP）中，这是一个从1865年开始的官方估计数字。大约从1840年开始，每年出生的妇女的初潮年龄是根据产科诊所记录中获得的信息计算出来的。在1900年至第二次世界大战期间，一年的国内生产总值与同年或前一年出生的妇女的初潮年龄之间存在密切的对应关系。1900年以前的月经初潮年龄数据不太令人满意，但这一时期的对应关系也可能相当好。当使用与较高年龄相对应的国内生产总值时，相关性就不那么令人满意了。对生殖系统对环境影响的敏感性的其他信息进行审查。得出以下结论：在出生前后或出生后，导致月经初潮的过程显然比以后的年龄更敏感。在青春期，成熟过程可能会受到一些影响，但只要条件不是不利的，可能不会太大。这些观察结果可以被视为说明，在人类发展的长期过程中，也可以观察到与动物物种所描述的关键或敏感时期相对应的现象。
Data on the historical trends for menarcheal age and socio-economic conditions in Norway are used to investigate whether the reproductive system in humans is especially sensitive to environmental stimuli during any particular short age periods. The method which has been used is based on the irregularity in the trend for socio-economic development. These irregularities are reflected in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), a quantity for which official estimates are available from 1865 onwards. Estimates of menarcheal age for women born in each year from about 1840 have been calculated from information obtained from maternity clinic records. For the period between 1900 and World War II, a close correspondence is found between the GDP in a year, and the menarcheal age of women born in the same or the preceding year. For the years before 1900, the data on menarcheal age is less satisfactory, but the correspondence may be fairly good also for this period. When values of GDP corresponding to higher ages is used, the correlation is less satisfactory. Other information on the susceptibility of the reproductive system towards environmental influences is reviewed. The following conclusion is reached: during the period around or after birth, the processes leading to menarche are clearly more sensitive than at later ages. During adolescence, the maturation process may be influenced somewhat, but probably not much as long as the conditions are not adverse. These observations may be seen as illustrating that phenomena corresponding to the critical or sensitive periods described for animal species, are also observable during the longer-lasting process of human development.