From Firestone to Michelin, a History of Rubber Cultivation in a Cocoa-Growing Country: Ghana
From Firestone to Michelin, a History of Rubber Cultivation in a Cocoa-Growing Country: Ghana
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从凡士通到米其林，可可种植国加纳的橡胶种植史
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
F. Ruf
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Owusu;F. Ruf
在加纳，许多可可和椰子种植者在 20 世纪 90 年代和 2000 年代开始采用橡胶。公共政策在多元化进程中发挥了重要作用。这次成功的其他因素是什么？加上确定支付给农民的采购价格的透明机制，世界价格导致了收入的急剧增加。随后，自2012年以来，尽管世界橡胶价格暴跌，但这一机制也被证明是抵御本国货币价值快速侵蚀的有力防御手段。可可的情况并非如此，农民以塞地的固定价格进行交易。这有助于解释为什么人们对加纳以牺牲可可为代价种植橡胶抱有强烈信心。多元化也被视为对数十年单一文化的结构性反应。无论是可可还是椰子，每个采用橡胶的地区都见证了这些准单一种植系统的疲劳和磨损迹象。
In Ghana, many cocoa and coconut farmers started to adopt rubber in the 1990s and 2000s. Public policies played a major role in the diversification process. What were the other factors in this success? Combined with a transparent mechanism to fix procurement prices paid to the farmer, world prices have led to a dramatic increase in incomes. Subsequently, since 2012, despite the collapse of the world price of rubber, this mechanism has also proven to be a strong defence against the rapid erosion of the national currency’s value. This is not so for cocoa, where farmers deal with a fixed price in Cedis. This helps to explain the strong confidence placed in rubber cultivation in Ghana at the expense of cocoa. Diversification is also viewed as a structural response to decades of monoculture. Regardless of whether it was cocoa or coconut, each region that adopted rubber witnessed the signs of fatigue and wear in these quasi-monoculture systems.