Tracking day and night provides insights into the relative importance of different wader chick predators
Tracking day and night provides insights into the relative importance of different wader chick predators
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白天和晚上的跟踪可以深入了解不同涉禽雏鸟捕食者的相对重要性
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Drewitt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lucy R. Mason;J. Smart;A. Drewitt
巢和雏鸟捕食导致的繁殖成功率差，严重限制了在低湿草地上繁殖的涉禽的种群恢复。管理捕食需要对捕食者的了解，因为这些捕食者可以分为夜间或白天捕食者，检测捕食的时间可以帮助评估它们的相对影响。涉水鸟巢的研究发现，夜间活动的哺乳动物，主要是红狐，是最重要的捕食者，但对活动能力强的涉禽雏鸟来说，量化捕食者的重要性要困难得多。人工无线电遥测可以检测到雏鸟是否还活着，但无法检测到被捕食的时间，只有在少数残骸被发现的情况下才能确定捕食者的身份。作为替代方案，我们使用自动无线电跟踪站(ARTS)不断记录179只无线电标记的Lapwing雏鸟的信号和捕食时间，结合手动遥测、从被捕食的遗骸推断捕食者身份以及现场级别的狐狸、芥子和鸟类捕食者活动监测。这种方法成功地检测到155只被捕食的雏鸟中60%的被捕食时间。日间捕食幼鸟的捕食事件数量较多，但夜间捕食在每小时的捕食可能性方面更为强烈。哺乳动物在白天和夜间的捕食对雏鸟存活的影响比鸟类的捕食更大。猛禽是鸟类捕食的主要原因，狐狸是哺乳动物捕食的主要原因，狐狸对每日雏鸟捕食率的影响也比其他捕食者大。小鸡的捕食性季节性增加，这意味着较早孵化的繁殖尝试更有可能成功。狐狸、猛禽和芥子的活动越多，被这些捕食者捕食的雏鸟比例就越高，因此，在调查特定地点捕食管理的目标是哪些捕食者物种时，量化这三个捕食者群体在一个地点的活动可能是研究雏鸟的更快的替代方案。
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Poor reproductive success driven by nest and chick predation severely limits the population recovery of waders breeding on lowland wet grassland. Managing predation requires knowledge of the predators and because these can be grouped into nocturnal or diurnal hunters, detecting the timing of predation can help assess their relative impacts. Wader nest studies investigating the timing of egg predation have identified nocturnal mammals, primarily Red Foxes, as the most important nest predators, but quantifying predator importance for highly mobile wader chicks is more difficult. Manual radiotelemetry can detect whether chicks are alive or not but cannot detect the time of predation, and predator identity can be determined only in the few cases where remains are recovered. As an alternative we used Automatic Radio Tracking Stations (ARTS) to constantly record the signals and predation timing of 179 radio-tagged Lapwing chicks, combining this with manual telemetry, inference about predator identity from predated remains and site-level Fox, mustelid and avian predator activity monitoring. This approach succeeded in detecting the time of predation for 60% of the 155 chicks that were predated. Diurnal chick predation accounted for a larger number of predation events, but nocturnal predation was more intensive in terms of predation likelihood per hour. Mammalian predation during both day and night had a larger impact on chick survival than did avian predation. Raptors were primarily responsible for predation by birds and Foxes for predation by mammals, with Foxes also having a larger influence on daily chick predation rates than other predators. Chick predation increased seasonally, implying that earlier-hatching breeding attempts are more likely to be successful. Higher Fox, raptor and mustelid activity resulted in higher proportions of chicks being predated by those predators, so quantifying the activity of those three predator groups on a site could be a quicker alternative to studying chicks when investigating which predator species to target with site-specific predation management.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
2015-10
期刊：
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影响因子：
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作者：
Douglas M. Bates;M. Maechler;Ben Bolker;Steven C. Walker
通讯作者：
Douglas M. Bates;M. Maechler;Ben Bolker;Steven C. Walker
影响因子：
6.6
作者：
Nakagawa, Shinichi;Schielzeth, Holger
通讯作者：
Schielzeth, Holger