Innervation of the extrahepatic biliary tract
Innervation of the extrahepatic biliary tract
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/ar.a.20089
复制
发表时间：
2004-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mawe, GM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Balemba, OB;Salter, MJ;Mawe, GM
肝外胆道由密集的内外神经网络支配，这些神经网络调节肝外胆道树的平滑肌张力和上皮细胞功能。虽然这些神经节来源于定居在肠道的同一组前体神经嵴细胞，但它们表现出与肠神经系统神经元不同的结构，神经化学和生理特征。胆囊神经元是相对不兴奋的，它们的输出由迷走神经输入驱动，并由激素、感觉纤维释放的肽和炎症介质调节。胆囊神经元是胆碱能的，并且它们可以表达许多其他神经活性化合物，包括P物质、甘丙肽、一氧化氮和血管活性肠肽。Oddi括约肌（SO）神经节，这是连接到十二指肠的神经节，似乎是由不同的群体的兴奋性和抑制性神经元，基于他们的表达胆碱乙酰转移酶和P物质或一氧化氮合酶，分别。虽然SO神经元可能接受迷走神经输入，并且它们的活性通过从感觉纤维释放神经肽来调节，但是对这些细胞的兴奋性突触输入的重要来源来自十二指肠。胆囊排空过程中SO张力与胆囊运动的协调可能是SO-SO回路的重要组成部分。现在，我们已经获得了一个相对全面的了解神经支配的胆道树在健康的条件下，铺平了道路，为未来的研究改变神经功能的胆道疾病。(C)2004 Wiley-Liss，Inc.
The extrahepatic biliary tract is innervated by dense networks of extrinsic and intrinsic nerves that regulates smooth muscle tone and epithelial cell function of extrahepatic biliary tree. Although these ganglia are derived from the same set of precursor neural crest cells that colonize the gut, they exhibit structural, neurochemical, and physiological characteristics that are distinct from the neurons of the enteric nervous system. Gallbladder neurons are relatively inexcitable, and their output is driven by vagal inputs and modulated by hormones, peptides released from sensory fibers, and inflammatory mediators. Gallbladder neurons are cholinergic and they can express a number of other neural active compounds, including substance P, galanin, nitric oxide, and vasoactive intestinal peptide. Sphincter of Oddi (SO) ganglia, which are connected to ganglia of the duodenum, appear to be comprised of distinct populations of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, based on their expression of choline acetyltransferase and substance P or nitric oxide synthase, respectively. While SO neurons likely receive vagal input and their activity is modulated by release of neuropeptides from sensory fibers, a significant source of excitatory synaptic input to these cells arise from the duodenum. This duodenum-SO circuit is likely to play an important role in the coordination of SO tone with gallbladder motility in the process of gallbladder emptying. Now that we have gained a relatively thorough understanding of the innervation of the biliary tree under healthy conditions, the way is paved for future studies of altered neural function in biliary disease. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.