Delivery of marine larvae to shore requires multiple sequential transport mechanisms.
Delivery of marine larvae to shore requires multiple sequential transport mechanisms.
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将海洋幼虫运送到岸上需要多个顺序运输机制。
DOI：
10.1890/14-0229.1
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
J. Largier
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Pfaff;G. Branch;J. Fisher;Vera Hoffmann;A. Ellis;J. Largier
大多数定居的海洋动物在其最初的生命阶段作为幼虫从其原产地分散。通常认为，在近海开发数周或数月后，浮游幼虫返回沿海成虫栖息地是随机的，导致招募波动较大，难以对种群动态进行预测性了解。潮间带海岸无脊椎动物定居的时间序列已被用来推断各种海洋过程如何提供浮游幼虫上岸。然而，成功定居的可能性，可能涉及一系列不同的运输机制，这是顺序利用后期幼虫，很少受到关注。为了解决这一问题，我们监测贻贝和藤壶幼虫的交付内架停泊定位200-1400米的海岸，和幼虫定居在潮间带的成年人的栖息地，在两个对比鲜明的网站：形成一个上升流中心和下游海湾的岬角。采用模型选择，以确定最可能的情况下，幼虫岸上运输从四个先验运输机制单独和组合：（1）上升流或松弛/下降流，（2）潮汐运动，（3）昼夜海风，（4）表面波。贻贝幼虫被交付到内架在海湾的上升流，但在下降流在岬，并进一步运送到海岸的表面波在两个地点。相比之下，交付藤壶幼虫的内货架发生在两个站点的放松/下降流事件，和潮间带沉降恰逢大潮，这表明内部潮汐在陆上运输的作用。因此，序贯机制似乎是利用幼虫到海岸，涉及区域尺度的上升流/下降流过程和局部尺度的潮汐和表面波过程，不同的类群和不同地形的网站之间的相互作用。一个瓶颈的幼虫交付整个冲浪区可能是由于在顺序运输机制的阶段外的步骤，使幼虫丢失“在运输中。"
Most sedentary marine animals disperse from their place of origin during their initial life stages as larvae. The delivery of planktonic larvae back to coastal adult habitats after weeks or months of offshore development is commonly thought to be stochastic, resulting in large recruitment fluctuations and making predictive understanding of population dynamics difficult. Time series of invertebrate settlement on intertidal shores have been used to infer how various oceanographic processes deliver planktonic larvae ashore. However, the possibility that successful settlement may involve a series of different transport mechanisms, which are sequentially utilized by late-stage larvae, has received little attention. To address this, we monitored both the delivery of mussel and barnacle larvae to inner-shelf moorings positioned 200-1400 m from the shore, and larval settlement in the intertidal adult habitat, at two contrasting sites: a headland forming an upwelling center and a downstream bay. Model selection was employed to determine the most likely scenario(s) of larval onshore transport from four a priori transport mechanisms individually and in combination: (1) upwelling or relaxation/downwelling, (2) tidal motions, (3) diurnal sea breezes, and (4) surface waves. Mussel larvae were delivered to the inner shelf during upwelling in the bay, but during downwelling at the headland, and were further transported to the shore by surface waves at both locales. In contrast, the delivery of barnacle larvae to the inner shelf occurred during relaxation/downwelling events at both sites, and intertidal settlement coincided with spring tides, suggesting a role for internal tides in their onshore transport. Thus, sequential mechanisms appear to be utilized by larvae to get to the shore, involving interactions of regional-scale upwelling/downwelling processes and local-scale tidal and surface-wave processes, which differ among taxa and among sites with different topography. A bottleneck for larval delivery across the surf zone may be a result of out-of-phase steps in sequential transport mechanisms leaving larvae lost "in transit."