Investigation of Pesticide Penetration and Persistence on Harvested and Live Basil Leaves Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Mapping.
Investigation of Pesticide Penetration and Persistence on Harvested and Live Basil Leaves Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Mapping.
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00548
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发表时间：
2017-04
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Tianxi Yang;Bin Zhao;A. Kinchla;J. Clark;Lili He
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tianxi Yang;Bin Zhao;A. Kinchla;J. Clark;Lili He
了解农药在植物中的行为对于有效地施用农药和减少农药的摄入具有重要意义。本研究的目的是调查农药的渗透性和持久性施加在收获和活罗勒叶。利用金纳米粒子作为探针，利用表面增强拉曼散射（Sers）技术对农药进行了实时、原位跟踪。结果表明，在叶面暴露30 min ~ 48 h后，10 mg/L农药在活叶中的渗透速度和渗透深度均大于收获叶。内吸性农药噻菌灵和非内吸性农药福美双经48 h处理后，分别可进入活叶225和130 μm，收获叶180和18 μm。叶片完整性和年龄对噻菌灵渗透的影响也进行了评估后，24小时的曝光活罗勒叶。噻菌灵（10 mg/L）施用于完整叶片时的渗透深度（170 μm）比施用于受损叶片（80 μm）时的渗透深度更深，受损叶片在叶片的顶部表面上刮了20次。与湿重为0.053 ± 0.007 g/叶（脱叶后15天，深度为95 μ m）的嫩叶相比，湿重为0.204 ± 0.019 g/叶（脱叶后45天）的老叶能更快更深地渗透农药（深度为165 μ m）。噻菌灵在活叶上的降解在1周后检测到，而福美双的表观降解在2周后检测到。此外，与其他新鲜农产品相比，罗勒叶中农药的去除效率更高，这可能是由于罗勒叶特殊的腺体结构。这里获得的信息提供了一个更好的了解农药对植物的行为和生物命运。
Understanding pesticide behavior in plants is important for effectively applying pesticides and in reducing pesticide exposures from ingestion. This study aimed to investigate the penetration and persistence of pesticides applied on harvested and live basil leaves. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) mapping was applied for in situ and real-time tracking of pesticides over time using gold nanoparticles as probes. The results showed that, after surface exposure of 30 min to 48 h, pesticides (10 mg/L) penetrated more rapidly and deeply into the live leaves than the harvested leaves. The systemic pesticide thiabendazole and the nonsystemic pesticide ferbam can penetrate into the live leaves with depths of 225 and 130 μm, respectively, and the harvested leaves with depths of 180 and 18 μm, respectively, after 48 h of exposure. The effects of leaf integrity and age on thiabendazole penetration were also evaluated on live basil leaves after 24 h of exposure. Thiabendazole (10 mg/L) when applied onto intact leaves penetrated deeper (170 μm) than when applied onto damaged leaves (80 μm) prepared with 20 scrapes on the top surface of the leaves. Older leaves with a wet mass of 0.204 ± 0.019 g per leaf (45 days after leaf out) allowed more rapid and deeper penetration of pesticides (depth of 165 μm) than younger leaves with a wet mass of 0.053 ± 0.007 g per leaf (15 days after leaf out, depth of 95 μm). The degradation of thiabendazole on live leaves was detected after 1 week, whereas the apparent degradation of ferbam was detected after 2 weeks. In addition, the removal of pesticides from basil was more efficient when compared with other fresh produce possibly due to the specific gland structure of basil leaves. The information obtained here provides a better understanding of the behavior and biological fate of pesticides on plants.