Lateral variation in crustal structure along the Lesser Antilles arc from petrology of crustal xenoliths and seismic receiver functions

Lateral variation in crustal structure along the Lesser Antilles arc from petrology of crustal xenoliths and seismic receiver functions
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从地壳捕虏体岩石学和地震接收函数来看,沿小安的列斯群岛弧的地壳结构横向变化

DOI:
10.1016/j.epsl.2019.03.030
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Melekhova E
Melekhova E
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Melekhova E

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我们利用一种结合岩浆地壳包体岩石学约束和地震接收函数的反演方法重建了小安的列斯岛弧沿线的地壳结构。包体显示出相当大的岛间差异,从无斜长石的超镁铁质岩性到具有不同比例角闪石的辉长岩和辉长岩,表明岩浆分异深度发生了变化。捕虏体以堆积成分为主,平衡深度在5至40公里之间。我们使用捕虏体矿物模式和成分来计算估计平衡深度处的地震速度(v P,v S)和密度。我们创建了一个五层地壳结构模型,用于对照弧线沿线岛屿地震台站的接收器功能(RF)进行测试。最低层(5)由橄榄岩组成,具有格林纳达地幔包体的物理特征。最上层(1)由5公里的火山碎屑和沉积物组成,其物理性质是通过网格反演程序确定的。三个中间层(2)至(4)由火成岩弧壳组成,其成分与每个岛屿上采集的捕虏体相对应。通过反演,我们得到了岩石学上最适合每个岛屿上的RF来确定层(2)至(4)的性质和厚度。沿着弧线,我们可以看到莫霍面和地壳中部不连续面(MCD)的深度和强度在数十公里的长度尺度上的变化。莫霍面深度从25公里到37公里不等;MCD深度从11公里到32公里不等。莫霍岛是一些岛屿(圣基茨、瓜德罗普、马提尼克岛、格林纳达)下方的主要不连续面,而MCD则在其他岛屿(萨巴、圣尤斯特里乌斯)下方占主导地位。MCD深度和强度的沿弧变化与估计的岩浆H2O含量和分异深度的变化一致,而这些变化反过来又影响捕虏体的岩性。一个显著的特征是VP沿弧线的陡峭梯度,类似于在其他大洋弧处观察到的。这些梯度反映了下伏地壳和地幔中岩浆生成速度和过程的突然变化。我们没有发现证据表明在小安的列斯群岛下方有大型的、相互关联的部分熔融的遗体。相反,在垂直展布的结晶碎屑岩储层中,地壳速度结构与岩浆分异是一致的。地壳结构沿弧形的变化可能反映了地幔楔体内部的非均匀上升流,其本身是由板片来源的H2O通量的变化所驱动的。
We reconstruct crustal structure along the Lesser Antilles island arc using an inversion approach combining constraints from petrology of magmatic crustal xenoliths and seismic receiver functions. Xenoliths show considerable island-to-island variation in xenolith petrology from plagioclase-free ultramafic lithologies to gabbros and gabbronorites with variable proportions of amphibole, indicative of changing magma differentiation depths. Xenoliths represent predominantly cumulate compositions with equilibration depths in the range 5 to 40 km. We use xenolith mineral modes and compositions to calculate seismic velocities (v P, v S) and density at the estimated equilibration depths. We create a five-layer model of crustal structure for testing against receiver functions (RF) from island seismic stations along the arc. Lowermost layer (5) comprises peridotite with physical characteristics of mantle xenoliths from Grenada. Uppermost layer (1) consists of 5 km of volcaniclastics and sediments, whose physical properties are determined via a grid inversion routine. The three middle layers (2) to (4) comprise igneous arc crust with compositions corresponding to the xenoliths sampled at each island. By inversion we obtain a petrological best-fit for the RF on each island to establish the nature and thicknesses of layers (2) to (4). Along the arc we see variations in the depth and strength of both Moho and mid-crustal discontinuity (MCD) on length-scales of tens of km. Moho depths vary from 25 to 37 km; MCD from 11 and 32 km. The Moho is the dominant discontinuity beneath some islands (St. Kitts, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Grenada), whereas the MCD dominates beneath others (Saba, St. Eustatius). Along-arc variability in MCD depth and strength is consistent with variation in estimated magmatic H 2 O contents and differentiations depths that, in turn, influence xenolith lithologies. A striking feature is steep, along-arc gradients in v P similar to those observed at other oceanic arcs. These gradients reflect abrupt changes in rates and processes of magma generation in the underlying crust and mantle. We find no evidence for large, interconnected bodies of partial melt beneath the Lesser Antilles. Instead, the crustal velocity structure is consistent with magma differentiation in vertically-extensive, crystal mush-dominated reservoirs. Along-arc variation in crustal structure may reflect heterogeneous upwelling within the mantle wedge, itself driven by variation in slab-derived H 2 O fluxes.
全新世淹没圣特斯高原的礁石是瓜德罗普岛小安的列斯群岛火山弧长期构造沉降的见证
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