Government, Interest Groups and Policy Change
Government, Interest Groups and Policy Change
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政府、利益集团和政策变化
DOI：
10.1111/1467-9248.00292
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发表时间：
2000
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
J. Richardson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Richardson
英国和欧洲关于利益集团在政策过程中的作用的许多文献都集中于它们对各种类型政策网络的参与。这些方法可能反映了 20 世纪 70 年代末政策界和政策网络“模型”的最初发展，它们倾向于强调网络和政策的稳定性和连续性。然而，20 世纪 80 年代和 90 年代，大多数西欧国家发生了很大的政策变化和不稳定。特别是，一些政府采取了更强硬的政策风格，利益集团已经学会利用政策过程所带来的机会，而政策过程越来越具有多重机会结构的特征。在十五个欧盟成员国内许多政策部门欧洲化之后尤其如此。文章重点探讨了政策变化的可能原因，包括国家权力的重要性；利益集团在适应和利用多领域决策带来的机会时行为发生变化；新政策时尚的影响，反映的知识和思想可能对现有政策界产生类似病毒的威胁。
Much of the British and European literature on the role of interest groups in the policy process focuses on their participation in policy networks of various types. Possibly reflecting the original development of the policy community and policy network ‘models' in the late 1970s, these approaches tend to emphasize stability and continuity – of both networks and policies. However, the 1980s and 1990s have witnessed much policy change and instability in most Western European states. In particular, some governments have adopted a more impositional policy style, and interest groups have learned to exploit the opportunities presented by a policy process which is increasingly characterized by multiple opportunity structures. This is especially the case following Europeanization of many policy sectors within the fifteen EU member states. The article focuses on the possible causes of policy change, including the importance of state power; changes in the behaviour of interest groups as they adjust to and exploit the opportunities presented by multi-arena policy-making; the impact of new policy fashions, reflecting knowledge and ideas which can act as a virus-like threat to existing policy communities.