The evolutionary basis of human social learning
The evolutionary basis of human social learning
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2011.1172
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发表时间：
2012-02-22
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Laland, K. N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morgan, T. J. H.;Rendell, L. E.;Laland, K. N.
人类的特点是对文化传播信息的极端依赖。这种依赖需要复杂的社会和非社会信息的整合，以产生有效的学习和决策。最近的正式理论预测，自然选择应该有利于适应性学习策略，但相关的实证工作是稀缺的，很少检查多个策略或任务。我们测试了来自理论模型的九个假设，运行了一系列实验，调查影响人类何时以及如何使用社交信息的因素，以及这种行为是否是适应性的，在几个基于计算机的任务中。演示者的数量、演示者之间的共识、被试的信心、任务难度、会话次数、反社会学习的成本、被试的表现和演示者的表现都影响被试对社会信息的使用，并且这种影响是适应性的。我们的分析提供了强有力的支持假设，人类的社会学习是由适应性学习规则。
Humans are characterized by an extreme dependence on culturally transmitted information. Such dependence requires the complex integration of social and asocial information to generate effective learning and decision making. Recent formal theory predicts that natural selection should favour adaptive learning strategies, but relevant empirical work is scarce and rarely examines multiple strategies or tasks. We tested nine hypotheses derived from theoretical models, running a series of experiments investigating factors affecting when and how humans use social information, and whether such behaviour is adaptive, across several computer-based tasks. The number of demonstrators, consensus among demonstrators, confidence of subjects, task difficulty, number of sessions, cost of asocial learning, subject performance and demonstrator performance all influenced subjects' use of social information, and did so adaptively. Our analysis provides strong support for the hypothesis that human social learning is regulated by adaptive learning rules.