Acquired personality traits of autism following damage to the medial prefrontal cortex
Acquired personality traits of autism following damage to the medial prefrontal cortex
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DOI：
10.1080/17470910902990584
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Kato, Motoichiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Umeda, Satoshi;Mimura, Masaru;Kato, Motoichiro
近年来有关心智理论的神经影像学研究表明，当被试从事各种心智化任务时，内侧前额叶皮层（PFC）都参与其中。虽然已经发表了大量的神经影像学研究，但相对少量的神经心理学证据支持内侧PFC参与心理理论推理。我们招募了两名内侧PFC受损的神经系统病例，最初对智力、记忆和执行功能进行了标准神经心理学评估。为了检验这两种情况下的心理理论表现，使用了四种标准和高级心理理论测试，包括一阶和二阶错误信念测试，奇怪的故事测试和失礼识别测试。还要求两名患者完成自闭症谱系商问卷。两例患者在标准心理理论测试中都没有表现出损害，在高级心理理论测试中只看到轻度损害。这一结果模式与以往的研究基本一致。最有趣的发现是，这两个病例在手术后都表现出性格变化，导致自闭症的特征表现出日常生活中缺乏社会互动。我们在此讨论内侧前额叶皮层的可能作用，并强调使用多种方法来理解心理理论和内侧前额叶功能的机制的重要性。
Recent neuroimaging studies on otheory of mindo have demonstrated that the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved when subjects are engaged in various kinds of mentalising tasks. Although a large number of neuroimaging studies have been published, a relatively small amount of neuropsychological evidence supports involvement of the medial PFC in theory of mind reasoning. We recruited two neurological cases with damage to the medial PFC and initially performed the standard neuropsychological assessments for intelligence, memory, and executive functions. To examine theory of mind performance in these two cases, four kinds of standard and advanced tests for theory of mind were used, including first- and second-order false belief tests, the strange stories test, and the faux pas recognition test. Both patients were also requested to complete the questionnaire for the autism-spectrum quotient. Neither case showed impairment on standard theory of mind tests and only mild impairments were seen on advanced theory of mind tests. This pattern of results is basically consistent with previous studies. The most interesting finding was that both cases showed personality changes after surgical operations, leading to characteristics of autism showing a lack of social interaction in everyday life. We discuss herein the possible roles of the medial PFC and emphasize the importance of using multiple approaches to understand the mechanisms of theory of mind and medial prefrontal functions.