Facts, Fictions, and Failures of Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Europe
Facts, Fictions, and Failures of Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Europe
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欧洲海岸带综合管理的事实、虚构和失败
DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Stojanovic
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Shipman;T. Stojanovic
近40年来，它的第一个试探性的步骤，在北美，本文认为是否在欧洲的海岸带综合管理（ICZM）已经发展到成熟的治理形式。本文总结了最近的研究结果，在欧洲沿海管理的实施水平，特别是英国的经验。一个研究框架是用来确定背后的不同动机的社会行动者群体参与沿海管理。该框架的应用揭示了关于执行差距的四个主要发现：（1）沿海地区责任的复杂性继续阻碍各机构采取“联合”办法;（2）政策真空限制了从国家到地方的执行;（3）信息障碍严重阻碍了科学和政策制定者之间以及不同部门之间的协调;（4）信息障碍阻碍了科学和政策制定者之间以及不同部门之间的协调。（4）民主赤字阻碍了沿海利益攸关方在工作实践中的实施，在决策过程中很少有机会征求公众意见或地方问责，特别是在近海。文章还探讨了不同的概念化的作用，沿海管理和规划在整个欧洲举行，提供了一个分析使用的战略管理文献和欧盟示范方案的经验，综合沿海区管理（1996-1999年）。最近的安排，由于有欧洲联盟委员会提供的启动资金，并强调“试点”和“示范”方法，往往鼓励以项目为基础的办法来处理ICZM，而这种办法可能无法实现长期目标。本文旨在对科学家、学者、政策制定者和从业者的行为进行分析，并将对所有寻求在更广泛的治理体系中建立ICZM的人感兴趣，这得到了欧洲共同体委员会（2000年）ICZM通信（COM 547）的支持。联合王国的经验也提供了一些技术解决办法，可供在国家和区域一级工作的沿海项目官员使用。
Nearly 40 years on since its first tentative steps in North America, this article considers whether Integrated Zone Coastal Management (ICZM) in Europe has grown to maturity as a form of governance. The article summarizes the findings of recent research concerning the levels of implementation of coastal management in Europe, with particular reference to the UK experience. A research framework is used to identify the different motivations behind the social actor groups involved in coastal management. The application of this framework reveals four major findings about gaps in implementation: (1) the complexity of responsibilities at the coast continues to prevent agencies from taking a “joined-up” approach; (2) a policy vacuum is constraining implementation from national to local scales; (3) informational obstacles are significant in preventing co-ordination between science and policymakers, and between different sectors; (4) a democratic deficit is preventing implementation in the working practices of coastal stakeholders, with little opportunity in decision making for public comment or local accountability, especially offshore. The article also explores different conceptualizations of the role of coastal management and planning held across Europe, providing an analysis using the Strategic Management literature and the experience of the EU Demonstration Programme on Integrated Coastal Zone Management (1996–1999). Recent arrangements, with the availability of priming funds from the European Commission and emphasis on “pilot” and “demonstration” methods, have tended to encourage a project-based approach to ICZM that may fail to realize long-term objectives. The article seeks to present an analysis of the behaviors of scientists, academics, policymakers, and practitioners, and will be of interest to all those seeking to establish ICZM within the wider system of governance, as supported by the Commission of the European Community (2000) Communication on ICZM (COM 547). Some technical solutions are also offered from the UK experience that will be of use to coastal project officers working at national and regional levels.