High Dietary Fructose: Direct or Indirect Dangerous Factors Disturbing Tissue and Organ Functions.
High Dietary Fructose: Direct or Indirect Dangerous Factors Disturbing Tissue and Organ Functions.
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高膳食果糖：直接或间接干扰组织和器官功能的危险因素
DOI：
10.3390/nu9040335
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发表时间：
2017-03-29
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Kong LD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang DM;Jiao RQ;Kong LD
高膳食果糖是导致胰岛素抵抗和代谢综合征的主要原因，会扰乱组织和器官功能。果糖主要通过葡萄糖转运蛋白2（GLUT2）和GLUT5吸收进入体循环，并在肝脏中代谢产生葡萄糖、乳酸、甘油三酯（TG）、游离脂肪酸（FFA）、尿酸（UA）和甲基乙二醛（MG）。它的肝外吸收和代谢也发生。这些代谢物含量高是直接危险因素。果糖代谢过程中，ATP耗竭，引起氧化应激和炎症反应，扰乱局部组织器官功能，过量产生炎症细胞因子、脂联素、瘦素和内毒素等，成为间接危险因素。果糖及其代谢产物直接和/或间接引起氧化应激、慢性炎症、内皮功能障碍、自噬和肠道通透性增加，进而进一步加重代谢综合征并导致组织器官功能障碍。因此，本综述讨论果糖引起的代谢综合征，以及直接和/或间接危险因素对肝脏、脂肪、胰岛、骨骼肌、肾脏、心脏、大脑和小肠功能的干扰影响。发现膳食果糖摄入过量的直接和/或间接风险因素与健康问题之间的潜在相关性非常重要。
High dietary fructose is a major contributor to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, disturbing tissue and organ functions. Fructose is mainly absorbed into systemic circulation by glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and GLUT5, and metabolized in liver to produce glucose, lactate, triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), uric acid (UA) and methylglyoxal (MG). Its extrahepatic absorption and metabolism also take place. High levels of these metabolites are the direct dangerous factors. During fructose metabolism, ATP depletion occurs and induces oxidative stress and inflammatory response, disturbing functions of local tissues and organs to overproduce inflammatory cytokine, adiponectin, leptin and endotoxin, which act as indirect dangerous factors. Fructose and its metabolites directly and/or indirectly cause oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, autophagy and increased intestinal permeability, and then further aggravate the metabolic syndrome with tissue and organ dysfunctions. Therefore, this review addresses fructose-induced metabolic syndrome, and the disturbance effects of direct and/or indirect dangerous factors on the functions of liver, adipose, pancreas islet, skeletal muscle, kidney, heart, brain and small intestine. It is important to find the potential correlations between direct and/or indirect risk factors and healthy problems under excess dietary fructose consumption.