Opacity and Discourse Referents: Object Identity and Object Properties
Opacity and Discourse Referents: Object Identity and Object Properties
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不透明度和话语所指：对象标识和对象属性
DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Mitchell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Manuel Sprung;J. Perner;P. Mitchell
研究发现，儿童在通过错误信念任务后的一两年内，会意识到在不透明的语境中，共指词语的有限可替代性（e.g. Aparthy and罗宾逊，1998，2001，2003）。本文旨在解释这种延迟。三到六岁的儿童被测试的故事中，主人公要么只是部分知情或有一个错误的信念，对一个特定的对象。只有少数儿童在基于他的部分知识预测主人公的动作时有问题，当他仅部分地被告知所需物体的属性时（例如，他知道这是乐高®块，但不知道这是红色乐高®块）。但是，当他只被部分告知双重身份时，许多人在做出正确的行动预测时遇到了问题（例如，他知道这是一只狗，但不知道它也是一个橡皮擦）。大约有同样多的儿童作出了不正确的行动预测的部分知识问题，涉及双重身份的高阶信念问题回答错误。相比之下，更多的孩子正确回答了一阶错误信念问题，当主角部分了解物体的属性时，正确的行动预测也一样多。研究结果支持这样的说法，即儿童有一个具体的问题与双重身份，而不是一个更广泛的问题，代表部分知识。
: It has been found that children appreciate the limited substitutability of co-referential terms in opaque contexts a year or two after they pass false belief tasks (e.g. Apperly and Robinson, 1998, 2001, 2003). This paper aims to explain this delay. Three- to six-year-old children were tested with stories where a protagonist was either only partially informed or had a false belief about a particular object. Only a few children had problems predicting the protagonist’s action based on his partial knowledge, when he was only partially informed about a property of the desired object (e.g. he knew that it was a Lego® block, but not that it was a red Lego® block). But many had problems making the correct action prediction when he was only partially informed about dual identities (e.g. he knew it was a dog, but not that it was also an eraser). About as many children made an incorrect action prediction for partial knowledge problems involving dual identity as answered higher-order belief questions incorrectly. In contrast many more children answered first-order false belief questions correctly, as many as correct action predictions when the protagonist was partially informed about a property of an object. The results support the claim that children have a specific problem with dual identity, rather than a broader problem representing partial knowledge.
幼儿关于思维的知识。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development.
影响因子：
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作者：
Flavell,JH;Green,FL;Flavell,ER
通讯作者：
Flavell,ER