Win-Concurrent Sensory Cues Can Promote Riskier Choice
Win-Concurrent Sensory Cues Can Promote Riskier Choice
复制标题
DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.1171-18.2018
复制
发表时间：
2018-11-28
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Winstanley, Catharine A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cherkasova, Mariya V.;Clark, Luke;Winstanley, Catharine A.
与奖励相关的刺激可以有效地影响行为;例如，暴露于药物配对的线索可以触发吸毒成瘾者的吸毒和复发。产生这种结果的心理机制可能包括线索诱导的渴望和注意力偏差。最近的动物数据表明另一种候选机制：奖励配对线索可以增强风险决策，但这是否会转化为人类尚不清楚。在这里，我们研究了感官奖励配对线索是否会改变不确定性和风险下的决策，分别由爱荷华州赌博任务和两个选择彩票任务。在这两个任务的提示版本，增益反馈增强奖励并发视听刺激。健康人类志愿者（53名男性，78名女性）执行每个任务一次，一个有线索，另一个没有线索（线索爱荷华州赌博任务/无线索温哥华赌博任务：n = 63;无线索爱荷华州赌博任务/线索温哥华赌博任务：n = 68），同时进行眼动追踪。奖励配对线索并不影响爱荷华州赌博任务的选择。在二选一的抽奖任务中，提示组表现出更高的风险选择，对概率信息的敏感性降低。线索条件与减少眼睛固定在屏幕上显示的概率信息和更大的瞳孔扩张有关的决策和奖励预期。这种瞳孔效应与线索的风险促进效应无关：风险与风险规避选择的瞳孔扩张程度并不随线索的变化而变化。总之，我们的数据表明，感官奖励线索可以促进风险决策，并对唤醒有额外的和独特的影响。
Reward-related stimuli can potently influence behavior; for example, exposure to drug-paired cues can trigger drug use and relapse in people with addictions. Psychological mechanisms that generate such outcomes likely include cue-induced cravings and attentional biases. Recent animal data suggest another candidate mechanism: reward-paired cues can enhance risky decision making, yet whether this translates to humans is unknown. Here, we examined whether sensory reward-paired cues alter decision making under uncertainty and risk, as measured respectively by the Iowa Gambling Task and a two-choice lottery task. In the cued versions of both tasks, gain feedback was augmented with reward-concurrent audiovisual stimuli. Healthy human volunteers (53 males, 78 females) performed each task once, one with and the other without cues (cued Iowa Gambling Task/uncued Vancouver Gambling Task: n = 63; uncued Iowa Gambling Task/cued Vancouver Gambling Task: n = 68), with concurrent eye-tracking. Reward-paired cues did not affect choice on the Iowa Gambling Task. On the two-choice lottery task, the cued group displayed riskier choice and reduced sensitivity to probability information. The cued condition was associated with reduced eye fixations on probability information shown on the screen and greater pupil dilation related to decision and reward anticipation. This pupil effect was unrelated to the risk-promoting effects of cues: the degree of pupil dilation for risky versus risk-averse choices did not differ as a function of cues. Together, our data show that sensory reward cues can promote riskier decisions and have additional and distinct effects on arousal.