Maternal modeling and the acquisition of fear and avoidance in toddlers: Influence of stimulus preparedness and child temperament
Maternal modeling and the acquisition of fear and avoidance in toddlers: Influence of stimulus preparedness and child temperament
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DOI：
10.1007/s10802-007-9195-3
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发表时间：
2008-05-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Schniering, Carolyn A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dubi, Kathrin;Rapee, Ronald M.;Schniering, Carolyn A.
本研究的目的是调查的影响，母亲建模的收购恐惧和回避对恐惧相关和恐惧无关，新的刺激在71名幼儿的样本。孩子们被展示了一条橡胶蛇或蜘蛛（与恐惧相关的物体）和一个橡胶蘑菇或花（与恐惧无关的物体），这些物体与他们的母亲的消极或积极表达交替配对。这两种刺激再次提出后1和10分钟的延迟，而母亲保持中性的表达。幼儿在母亲的负性反应下比在母亲的正性表达下表现出更多的恐惧和回避。对于与恐惧相关和与恐惧无关的刺激来说，这也是同样正确的。此外，没有发现儿童气质和行为反应之间的关联和儿童气质和情绪反应之间出现弱关联。结果表明，幼儿可以迅速形成条件性情绪和行为反应，通过母亲的反应，无论刺激准备或儿童的气质。这表明，早期的母亲建模可能与广泛的恐惧反应有关。
The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of maternal modeling on the acquisition of fear and avoidance towards fear-relevant and fear-irrelevant, novel stimuli in a sample of 71 toddlers. Children were shown a rubber snake or spider (fear-relevant objects) and a rubber mushroom or flower (fear-irrelevant objects), which were alternately paired with either negative or positive expression by their mothers. Both stimuli were presented again after a 1- and a 10-min delay, while mothers maintained a neutral expression. The toddlers showed increased fear and avoidance of the objects following negative reaction from their mothers than following positive maternal expression. This was similarly true for both fear-relevant and fear-irrelevant stimuli. In addition, no association was found between child temperament and behavioral responses and a weak association emerged between child temperament and emotional responses. The results demonstrate that young children can rapidly form conditioned emotional and behavioral responses via maternal reactions regardless of stimulus preparedness or child temperament. It is suggested that early maternal modeling may be relevant to a broad spectrum of fearful reactions.