A paradigm for understanding whole ecosystem effects of offshore wind farms in shelf seas
A paradigm for understanding whole ecosystem effects of offshore wind farms in shelf seas
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DOI：
10.1093/icesjms/fsad194
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发表时间：
2023-12-12
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Williamson，Benjamin J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Isaksson，Natalie;Scott，Beth E.;Williamson，Benjamin J.
随着海上风电场（OWF）在全球范围内的快速扩张，迫切需要评估和预测对海洋物种，栖息地和生态系统功能的影响。在整个货架范围内这样做，同时考虑到气候变化的并发影响，将需要动态，多营养，多标量，以生态系统为中心的方法。然而，由于这些研究和研究系统本身（陆架海）是复杂的，我们建议根据调查周期框架来构建未来的环境研究。这将允许制定和测试建立在生态理论基础上的具体假设，从而简化流程，并允许适应技术进步（例如海上浮动风）和不断变化的社会经济和政治气候。我们概述了一个战略，以加快我们的理解OWF发展对陆架海的环境影响，这是整个北海的案例研究说明。未来研究的优先事项包括确定OWF可能改变初级生产水平的程度;风能开采是否会对生物物理生态系统驱动因素产生连锁效应;远洋鱼类是否会介导顶级捕食者分布在空间和时间上的变化;以及在局部水平上观察到的任何影响将如何扩展并与气候变化和渔业位移效应相互作用。
With the rapid expansion of offshore windfarms (OWFs) globally, there is an urgent need to assess and predict effects on marine species, habitats, and ecosystem functioning. Doing so at shelf-wide scale while simultaneously accounting for the concurrent influence of climate change will require dynamic, multitrophic, multiscalar, ecosystem-centric approaches. However, as such studies and the study system itself (shelf seas) are complex, we propose to structure future environmental research according to the investigative cycle framework. This will allow the formulation and testing of specific hypotheses built on ecological theory, thereby streamlining the process, and allowing adaptability in the face of technological advancements (e.g. floating offshore wind) and shifting socio-economic and political climates. We outline a strategy by which to accelerate our understanding of environmental effects of OWF development on shelf seas, which is illustrated throughout by a North Sea case study. Priorities for future studies include ascertaining the extent to which OWFs may change levels of primary production; whether wind energy extraction will have knock-on effects on biophysical ecosystem drivers; whether pelagic fishes mediate changes in top predator distributions over space and time; and how any effects observed at localized levels will scale and interact with climate change and fisheries displacement effects.