Arrested Development: Does the Grade Level at Which Juveniles Experience Arrest Matter?
Arrested Development: Does the Grade Level at Which Juveniles Experience Arrest Matter?
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发展受阻：青少年经历逮捕的年级水平重要吗？
DOI：
10.1007/s40865-015-0019-9
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Stephanie A. Wiley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stephanie A. Wiley
本研究考察了在青春期的一个显著过渡时期——从初中到高中——逮捕对犯罪的影响。逮捕通过越轨态度、亲社会纽带的减弱和与越轨群体的参与对犯罪的影响进行了检验，以确定标签过程和后果是否在七年级、八年级或九年级的青少年中有所不同。纵向数据从学校为基础的调查被用来估计逮捕对青少年犯罪的直接和间接影响在七，八，九年级。Wald检验用于确定队列间是否存在显著差异。虽然逮捕与所有三年级学生的犯罪增加有关，但对七年级学生的影响最为不利。对于这些青少年来说，逮捕对所有中间结果都有显著的直接影响，并通过中和、弱学校承诺、不良同伴和消极同伴承诺来解释犯罪行为的增加。虽然这些中介因素中的一些解释了八年级和九年级学生犯罪行为的增加，但影响的幅度较小。总的来说，逮捕与七年级学生犯罪增加132%有关，但在九年级学生中只增加了55%。研究结果表明，随着青少年年龄和犯罪行为变得“规范”，逮捕的影响会变得不那么严重。建议仔细考虑逮捕的意想不到的后果，特别是对年轻的年轻人，因为他们涉及到越轨的态度，对犯罪同伴的承诺和参与，干预应该与努力改善亲社会的态度和关系相结合，以防止未来的犯罪。虽然逮捕的影响随着时间的推移而减弱，但它们不会消失，青少年在进入高中后继续经历与逮捕有关的后果。
This study examines the effect of arrest on delinquency at a salient transition during adolescence: the move from middle to high school. The effects of arrest on delinquency via deviant attitudes, attenuation of prosocial bonds, and involvement with deviant groups are examined to determine whether labeling processes and consequences vary for youth in 7th, 8th, or 9th grade. Longitudinal data from a school-based survey are used to estimate the direct and indirect effects of arrest on delinquency for youth in 7th, 8th, and 9th grades. Wald tests are used to determine whether there are significant differences across cohorts. While arrest is associated with increased delinquency for all three grade cohorts, effects are most detrimental for 7th graders. For these youth, arrest exerts a significant, direct effect across all intermediate outcomes and accounts for increased delinquency via neutralizations, weak school commitment, delinquent peers, and negative peer commitment. Although some of these mediators explain increases in delinquency among 8th and 9th graders, effects are smaller in magnitude. In total, arrest is associated with a 132 % increase in delinquency among 7th graders, but only a 55 % increase among 9th graders. The findings indicate that the effects of arrest become less severe as youth age and delinquency becomes “normative.” It is recommended that the unintended consequences of arrest should be carefully considered—particularly for younger youth as they relate to deviant attitudes and commitment to and involvement with delinquent peers—and interventions should be coupled with efforts to improve prosocial attitudes and relations to prevent future delinquency. Although the effects of arrest wane over time, they do not disappear, and youth continue to experience consequences associated with arrest after they transition to high school.
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
CASPI, A;MOFFITT, TE
通讯作者：
MOFFITT, TE