Comparing Conventional and Biotechnology-Based Pest Management
Comparing Conventional and Biotechnology-Based Pest Management
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DOI：
10.1021/jf200961r
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发表时间：
2011-06-08
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Duke, Stephen O.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Duke, Stephen O.
在过去的15年里，通过将转基因引入作物以进行害虫管理，害虫管理发生了巨大变化。抗除草剂或产生一种或多种Bt毒素的转基因是目前可用的主要害虫管理性状。这两个性状由于其上级功效和农民害虫管理的简化而在可用的地方迅速被采用。此外，由于减少耕作变得更加普遍，沿着减少了穿越田地喷洒农药的次数，他们大大减少了环境和毒理学上可疑农药的使用，同时减少了害虫管理的碳足迹。这些产品中最成功的是抗草甘膦作物，约占转基因作物所占土地的85%。过度依赖草甘膦并持续使用这些作物导致了高度问题性的草甘膦抗性杂草的进化。这种情况导致一些农民使用与传统作物类似的杂草管理方法。抗性进化并不是转基因作物的一个重大问题，这可能是因为强制性的抗性管理策略。在未来几年内，具有多种基因的转基因作物将能够抵抗不同的除草剂和其他昆虫。这些产品将为害虫管理多样性提供机会，这种多样性比第一代转基因作物提供的多样性更可持续。
Pest management has changed dramatically during the past 15 years by the introduction of transgenes into crops for the purpose of pest management. Transgenes for herbicide resistance or for production of one or more Bt toxins are the predominant pest management traits currently available. These two traits have been rapidly adopted where available because of their superior efficacy and simplification of pest management for the farmer. Furthermore, they have substantially reduced the use of environmentally and toxicologically suspect pesticides while reducing the carbon footprint of pest management as reduced tillage became more common, along with fewer trips across the field to spray pesticides. The most successful of these products have been glyphosate-resistant crops, which cover approximately 85% of all land occupied by transgenic crops. Over-reliance on glyphosate with continual use of these crops has resulted in the evolution of highly problematic glyphosate-resistant weeds. This situation has resulted in some farmers using weed management methods similar to those used with conventional crops. Evolution of resistance has not been a significant problem with Bt crops, perhaps because of a mandated resistance management strategy. Transgenic crops with multiple genes for resistance to different herbicides and resistance to additional insects will be available in the next few years. These products will offer opportunities for the kind of pest management diversity that is more sustainable than that provided by the first generation of transgenic crops.