Review of current state of knowledge of microcystin and its impacts on fish in Lake Victoria
Review of current state of knowledge of microcystin and its impacts on fish in Lake Victoria
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DOI：
10.1111/lre.12328
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发表时间：
2020-07
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Onyango;P. Orina;R. Ramkat;C. Kowenje;C. Githukia;D. Lusweti;H. Lung'ayia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Onyango;P. Orina;R. Ramkat;C. Kowenje;C. Githukia;D. Lusweti;H. Lung'ayia
微囊藻毒素是藻细胞内产生的藻毒素的一部分，属于来自各种蓝藻的肝毒性环肽家族。蓝藻在许多赤道富营养化湖泊中广泛存在，包括维多利亚湖，微囊藻毒素主要来自蓝藻水华释放到水体中，随着水生生态系统营养水平的不同而产生不同的影响。根据暴露时间的长短和暴露途径的不同，微囊藻毒素对鱼类的影响可能包括胚胎孵化扰动、存活率和生长率下降、行为改变、渗透调节、肝脏活动和心率增加以及组织病理学影响。虽然鱼类中的生物积累得到了证实，但食物网中的生物放大作用仍有争议。维多利亚湖是世界第二大淡水湖，也是数百万人的生计来源，据报道，墨西哥湾附近和海岸附近的MC分别为190±0.51至543±0.26毫克/克干重。然而，关于微囊藻毒素对维多利亚湖渔业的影响以及最终对人类种群的影响，以及世界卫生组织建议的0.04微克/公斤的人类微囊藻毒素摄入量，人们知之甚少，因此是本次审查的基础。
Microcystins are part of algal toxins produced intracellularly within algal cells, being in the family of hepatotoxic cyclic peptides from various species of blue‐green algae. Blue‐green algae are widely abundant in many equatorial eutrophic lakes, including Lake Victoria, with microcystin mainly from cyanobacterial blooms released into the water column, with different effects along the aquatic ecosystem trophic levels. Depending on the length of exposure and exposure route, microcystin effects on fish can include embryonic hatching perturbations, reduced survival and growth rates, changes in behavior, osmoregulation, increased liver activities and heart rates, as well as histopathological effects. While bioaccumulation is confirmed among fish, biomagnification along food webs is debatable. Lake Victoria the second largest freshwater lake in the world, and the source of livelihoods to millions reported near the gulf and shore MCs of 190 ± 51 to 543 ± 26 ng MC/g DW, respectively. Little is known, however, on the effects of microcystin on the Lake Victoria fishery and, ultimately, on the human population against the WHO recommended human microcystin intake levels of 0.04 µg/kg, thereby being the basis for this review.