Breed-typical behaviour in dogs - Historical remnants or recent constructs?
Breed-typical behaviour in dogs - Historical remnants or recent constructs?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.applanim.2005.06.014
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发表时间：
2006-02-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Svartberg, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Svartberg, K
由于长期的人工选择，狗在形态、遗传和行为上表现出相当大的差异。这在我们今天拥有的大量品种中显而易见。品种之间的行为差异通常被认为是品种起源期间过去选择的残余。然而，在过去的几十年里，许多品种的选择经历了巨大的变化，这可能会影响品种的典型行为。为了研究这一点，使用来自瑞典犬种群31个品种的13，097只犬的标准化行为测试数据研究了品种差异。根据测试结果，计算了四个行为特征的品种分数：好玩，好奇心/无畏，社交能力和侵略性。这些特征以前被发现是稳定和有效的，因此被认为是狗的人格特征。目前的结果表明，品种之间的差异很大，在所有的调查性状，即使有品种内的变化，没有品种的典型行为和功能之间的关系，在品种的起源被发现。相反，有品种得分和当前使用的育种股票，这表明，在最近的过去选择影响品种的典型行为之间的相关性。品种的使用在狗显示，占主导地位的使用一般，是负相关的所有调查性状，无论是在父亲和织补。与此相反，在工作犬试验中使用与父系的嬉戏性和攻击性呈正相关。因此，这些结果表明，狗表演使用的选择与社交和非社交恐惧呈正相关，与玩耍性，潜在威胁情况下的好奇心和攻击性呈负相关，而工作犬使用的选择与玩耍性和攻击性呈正相关。此外，相关性分析表明，受欢迎的品种有较高的社交性和嬉戏nscores比不受欢迎的品种，这表明积极的态度，对陌生人是一个重要的特征，一个功能性的宠物狗和狗主人所希望的。这表明，选择对狗显示使用可能是在冲突与宠物狗的选择。此外，这些结果表明，当选择压力发生变化时，狗行为的基本维度可以改变，狗的驯化仍在进行中。一个标准化的行为测试，如在这项研究中使用的，建议是非常有用的工具，在狗育种计划。(c)2005 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
Dogs show considerable variation in morphology, genetics and behaviour caused by long periods of artificial selection. This is evident in the large number of breeds we have today. Behavioural differences among breeds have often been regarded as remnants from past selection during the breeds' origin. However, the selection in many breeds has, during the last decades, gone through great changes, which could have influenced breed-typical behaviour. In order to investigate this, breed differences were studied using data from a standardized behavioural test from 13,097 dogs of 31 breeds from the Swedish dog population. Based on the test results, breed scores were calculated for four behavioural traits: playfulness, curiosity/fearlessness, sociability and aggressiveness. These traits have previously been found to be stable and valid, and hence regarded as personality traits in the dog. The present results Suggested large differences between breeds in all of the investigated traits, even though there were within-breed variations, No relationships between breed-characteristic behaviour and function in the breeds' origins were found. Instead, there were correlations between breed scores and Current use of the breeding stocks, which suggest that selection in the recent past has affected breed-typical behaviour. The breeds' use in dog shows, the dominating use in general, was negatively correlated with all investigated traits, both in sires and in darns. In contrast, use in Working dog trials was Positively correlated with playfulness and aggressiveness in sires. Thus, these results suggest that selection for dog show use is positively Correlated with social and non-social fearfulness, and negatively with playfulness, curiosity in potentially threatening Situations and aggressiveness, whereas selection for Working dog use is positively correlated with playfulness and aggressiveness. Furthermore, correlation analyses show that popular breeds have higher sociability and playfulness nscores than less popular breeds, suggesting that a positive attitude towards strangers is an important characteristic of a functional pet dog and desirable by dog owners. This indicates that selection towards use in dog shows may be in conflict with pet dog selection. Furthermore, these results suggest that basic dimensions of dog behaviour can be changed when selection pressure changes, and that the domestication of the dog still is in progress. A standardized behavioural test, like the one used in this study, is suggested to be highly useful as a tool in dog breeding programs. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.