Perceptions and vulnerability to climate change among the urban poor in Kampala City, Uganda
Perceptions and vulnerability to climate change among the urban poor in Kampala City, Uganda
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DOI：
10.1007/s10113-021-01771-5
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发表时间：
2021-06-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Kato, Arthur Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Twinomuhangi, Revocatus;Sseviiri, Hakimu;Kato, Arthur Martin
鉴于城市贫民的适应能力有限，气候风险和脆弱性继续对他们产生不成比例的影响。本文探讨了坎帕拉城市贫民对气候变化的看法和脆弱性。数据是从 534 名受访者的比例样本中收集的，这些受访者是从该市的非正规住区中随机抽取的家庭，并使用结构化问卷进行访谈。进行了 6 次焦点小组讨论和 15 次关键知情人访谈，这些参与者是根据他们的知识和经验而有目的地选择的。使用卡方检验分析定量数据，而使用内容分析来分析关键知情人访谈和焦点小组讨论的定性数据。共有96.6%的家庭了解气候变化，主要感知为气温上升和降雨量减少。洪水（53.4%）和干旱（27%）是最常经历的气候风险，其中前者被认为更为频繁和严重。对气候风险的看法和脆弱性因收入、教育水平、婚姻状况、主要职业、住房条件和居住时间而异。与干旱相比，财富和教育程度较低、从事非正规企业工作以及住房保有权不稳定的个人最容易遭受洪水侵袭。生态系统退化、难以获得城市基础设施、公用设施和服务，加剧了城市贫困社区的敏感性。由于社会经济属性与气候变化脆弱性高度相关，因此有必要将社会层面纳入脆弱社区、规划者和决策者之间的信息交换，以便为城市的适应政策提供信息并建立长期的城市复原力。城市当局、社区、民间社会和捐助者/资助者之间必须建立伙伴关系，以改善贫民窟住区的住房和生计。与此同时，加强气候信息服务的联合生产、培养气候变化意识、恢复关键生态系统和更广泛的包容性适应规划是建设有复原力的城市贫困社区的途径。
Climate risks and vulnerability continue to disproportionately affect the urban poor given their constrained adaptive capacity. This paper examines the urban poor's perceptions and vulnerability to climate change in Kampala. Data was collected from a proportionate sample of 534 respondents drawn from households that were randomly selected from the city's informal settlements and interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Six focus group discussions and 15 key informant interviews were conducted whose participants were purposively selected because of their knowledge and experiences. Quantitative data was analyzed using chi-square tests while content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data from key informant interviews and focus group discussions. A total of 96.6% of the households were aware of climate change, mainly perceived as rising temperatures and reduction in rainfall. Floods (53.4%) and droughts (27%) were the most commonly experienced climate risks, with the former considered more frequent and severe. Perceptions and vulnerability to climate risk varied with incomes, education level, marital status, main occupation, housing conditions and length of stay. Individuals with less wealth and education, employed in informal business and having insecure housing tenure were most vulnerable to flooding than they are to drought. The sensitivity of the urban poor communities is heightened by ecosystem degradation, poor access to urban infrastructure, utilities and services. With socio-economic attributes highly associated to climate change vulnerabilities, incorporating social dimensions and exchange of information between the vulnerable communities, planners and decision makers is necessary to inform the city's adaptation policy and building long-term urban resilience. Partnerships are necessary between the urban authorities, communities, civil society and donors/financiers to improve housing and livelihoods in slums settlements. At the same time, strengthening co-production of climate information services, building climate change awareness, restoration of critical ecosystems and a broader inclusive adaptation planning are avenues for building resilient urban poor communities.