STRUCTURE OF BACTERIAL FLAGELLA
STRUCTURE OF BACTERIAL FLAGELLA
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DOI：
10.1038/202538a0
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发表时间：
1964-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
HANSON, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
LOWY, J;HANSON, J
在用乙酸双氧铀制备的制剂中观察到精细结构。当使用磷钨酸钾时，对比度太低，无法看到这种结构，尽管有迹象表明鞭毛穿过碳膜中充满染色剂的孔。(For因此，据推测，Kerridge、Horne和Glauert等人无法看到沙门氏菌鞭毛的结构，除非这些鞭毛被超声波或其他处理破坏。在将细菌置于碳膜上之前，先将细菌悬浮在醋酸铀中，我们观察到的鞭毛结构比在染色之前先将鞭毛固定在碳膜上的方法更有序。两种类型的鞭毛结构被发现在变形杆菌和假单胞菌，有时在相同的制剂。特殊的结构类型似乎是恒定的所有方式沿着鞭毛。1型鞭毛显示一个交替序列的长区域与连续的纵向线和短区域的连续性中断（图1）。不连续面的间距不规则，通常为600-750毫米。2型鞭毛显示出连续的结构，由螺旋连接的球状亚基组成（图1和2）。第2和第3段）。这些布置成纵向排，子单元在相邻排中交替。螺旋线将给定的子单元连接到相邻行中向上或向下半个周期的最近邻居（图3）。螺旋的意义在我们的准备工作中无法确定，因为在鞭毛的不同位置甚至在同一位置（双斜条纹）观察到这两个方面具有相同的对比度。在两个鞭毛交叉的地方，两者的精细结构都是可见的;因此，人们可以看到鞭毛的上下表面的细节，从而观察到螺旋的两个方面，这并不奇怪。变形杆菌属和假单胞菌属中2型鞭毛中鞭毛轴上各亚基的间距沿着分布相同。所有的测量都是在铀酰制剂上进行的;当
Fine structure was observed in preparations made with uranyl acetate. When potassium phosphotungstate was used, contrast was too low for this structure to be seen, though there were indications of it where the flagella crossed stain-filled holes in the carbon film.(For this reason, presumably, Kerridge, Horne and Glauertº were unable to see structure in Salmonella flagella unless these had been disrupted by ultrasonication or other treatments.) In preparations made by suspending the bacteria in uranyl acetate before placing them on the carbon film, we have observed a somewhat better-ordered flagellar structure than in preparations made by allowing the flagella to settle on the film before applying the stain. Two types of flagellar structure were found both in Proteus and in Pseudomonas, sometimes in the same preparations. The particular structural type appears to be constant all the way along a flagellum. Type 1 flagella show an alternating sequence of long regions with continuous longitudinal lines and short regions where the continuity of the lines is interrupted (Fig. 1). The spacing of the discontinuities is not regular; usually they are 600–750 Å apart. Type 2 flagella show a continuous structure, consisting of helically-connected globular subunits (Figs. 2 and 3). These are arranged in longitudinal rows, with the sub-units alternating in adjacent rows. The helix connects a given sub-unit to its nearest neighbours half a period up or down in the adjacent rows (Fig. 3). The sense of the helix could not be determined in our preparations, because both aspects were observed with equal contrast at different places in a flagellum or even at the same place (double-oblique striation). Where two flagella cross, the fine structure of both is visible; hence it is not surprising that one can see details of both the upper and the lower surfaces of a flagellum and thus observe both aspects of the helix. The spacing of the sub-units along the flagellar axis in type 2 flagella was found to be the same in Proteus and Pseudomonas. The measurements were all made on uranyl preparations; the results were the same when the